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Biology Quizlet #23
24 terms quater 4
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| ecology | Scientific study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment |
| ATP | (adenosine triphosphate) main energy source that cells use for most of their work |
| Photosynthesis | Plants use the sun's energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into sugars |
| chlorophyll | A green pigment found in the chloroplasts of plants, algae, and some bacteria that is used in photosynthesis |
| Chemosynthesis | Process by which some organisms, such as certain bacteria, use chemical energy to produce carbohydrates instead of sunlight |
| decomposer | organism that breaks down and obtains energy from dead organic matter |
| trophic level | Each step in a food chain or food web |
| Biomagnification | accumulation of pollutants at successive trophic levels |
| Autotroph | an organism that is able to form nutritional organic substances from simple inorganic substances such as carbon dioxide; also called a producer |
| Heterotroph | organism that obtains energy from the foods it consumes; also called a consumer |
| food chain | series of steps in an ecosystem in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten |
| food web | network of complex interactions formed by the feeding relationships among the various organisms in an ecosystem |
| primary producer | first producer of energy-rich compounds that are later used by other organisms |
| ecological pyramid | diagram that shows the relative amounts of energy or matter within each trophic level in a food chain or food web |
| biomass | total amount of living tissue within a given trophic level |
| thylakoid | A flattened membrane sac inside the chloroplast, used to convert light energy into chemical energy. |
| stroma | The fluid of the chloroplast surrounding the thylakoid membrane; involved in the synthesis of organic molecules from carbon dioxide and water. |
| light-dependent reactions | part of photosynthesis that absorbs energy from sunlight and transfers energy to the light-independent reactions |
| light-independent reactions | part of photosynthesis that uses energy absorbed during the light-dependent reactions to synthesize carbohydrates |
| cellular respiration | Process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen |
| fermentation | process that allows glycolysis to continue when the cell is lacking oxygen |
| anaerobic | Process that does not require oxygen |
| Aerobic | Process that requires oxygen |
| glycolysis | the breakdown of glucose by enzymes, releasing energy and pyruvic acid. |
Created by:
rathburn74
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