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Genes

Part B

QuestionAnswer
What is the difference between chromosomes and chromatin? Chromatin is a long chain made up of DNA that controls the function of a cell. Chromosomes is when it coils up undergoing cell division.
What is the 3 parts of a DNA? The backbone (sugar and phosphate), the nitrogenous bases, and the nucleotide.
What are the 4 nitrogenous bases? Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, and Cytosine
What is a nucleotide? It is the ladder steps of different bases on a double helix DNA.
How is a nucleotide used in the codon? A codon is the 3-nucleotide sequence in which the order of the nitrogenous bases make up a certain amino acid.
What are amino acids? Multiple amino acids join together to form a chain, which is a protein, that carries out a task sent from the DNA.
How are genes related to the codon sequence? The codon sequence in the gene segment controls how the organism with the certain trait will turn out.
What is DNA screening? We perform DNA screening to determine if a person has a genetic disease.
What is Phenylketonuria (PKU)? A disease when the body does not have an enzyme to digest the amino acid called phenylalanine is found in. This can cause brain damage.
How to test for PKU? Take a sample of blood from a baby's heel to test for this disease.
What is Down Syndrome? This disease occurs when an embryo has an extra chromosome.
How to test for Down Syndrome? Test the amniotic sac fluid in the womb and get a micrograph of each of the pairs of chromosome.
What is Huntington Disease? It is a disease that affects the nerve cells which makes the person lose muscle control.
How to test for Huntington Disease? Take a DNA screening of the individual. If 1 parent has it, there is a 50% chance of the individual to get it as well.
What are Transgenics Organisms? A genetically modified organism (GMO) whose genes are altered or genes from other species are inserted.
What is genetic engineering? The process of combining genes from one organism to another.
What are some examples of GMOs? Insulin, Oraniwi, and Fluorescent Pigs
What are mutations? It occurs when the codon sequences in the gene segment of the DNA strand is changed from the original order. This creates an abnormality of the protein the codon makes and this makes the protein not function properly.
How is radiation related to mutagens? Radiation can cause the genes to mutate.
Created by: NaveenP
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