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PART B

Genes

QuestionAnswer
what is a chromosome? a thread-like structure made up of DNA which controls the function & characteristics of a cell.
what is chromatin? the string that makes up a chromosome.
what are the 3 parts of a DNA? Phosphate, sugar (deoxyribose), and nitrogenous bases
What are the 4 nitrogenous bases? Thymine, adenine, guanine and cytosine
What makes up a codon? three nucleotide makes up a codon
What is a nucleotide? a rung on the DNA
what are amino acids? The acid that makes proteins
What is the function of proteins? They carry out specific tasks from the DNA
What is a gene? a segment of a DNA strand which controls a certain trait of a person
What happens to someone with Phenylketonuria? Their body does not have enzyme to digest the amino acid phenylalanine found in certain
How are people tested for PKU? Blood is taken from the babies heel
What chromosome pair has an extra chromosome for people with Down Syndrome? pair 21
What is a karyotype? It's a person's complete set of chromosomes
What organ system is affected if a person has Huntington disease? The nervous system is affected as the disease makes the person lose control of their muscle
What is a Transgenic Organism? A genetically modified organism whose genes are altered or an organism that has genes that have been inserted from another species
What is genetic engineering? the process of combining DNA from one organism to another
How do mutations occur? It happens when a codon sequence in the gene segment is changed in the order it was in earlier
What makes mutations to occur Mutagens (substances or radiation that causes the codon sequence to be changed)
What is cloning? the processes used to create an exact genetic replica of another cell, tissue or organism.
Created by: HYAARON
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