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Genes

Part B

QuestionAnswer
How many pairs of Chromosomes does a cell have? How many pairs during Mitosis? 23 pairs regularly, which gets double to 46 during Mitosis.
What is a Chromatin? DNA in string form?
What are the 3 parts of a DNA? Phosphate and Sugar (deoxyribose) make up the back bone of the DNA. The 4 Nitrogen Bases make up the rest of the DNA.
What do the Nitrogen Bases do? What are the names of these bases? The order of the 4 Nitrogen bases create different amino acids, which form the codons. The bases are Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine
What is a Codon? A 3 nucleotide sequence in which the order of the nitrogenous bases make up certain amino acids. The 3 amino acids make up the Codon.
What is a Nucleotide? One of the "Rungs" of DNA. Mae up of Nitrogen Bases.
How are amino acids and proteins related? Proteins are made up a group of amino acids. The Proteins then carry out tasks from the DNA.
How do Genes effect someone? They control a certain trait of an individual.
Why does Phenylketonuria (PKU) occur? How can they test for it? The body does not have an enzyme to digest the amino acids phenylalanine found in certain proteins. Do
What causes Down syndrome? What do all Down syndrome patients have in common? This genetic disease occurs when an embryo has an extra chromosome. Everyone with down syndrome has similar facial features.
When does Huntington Disease usually occur? Hunting disease usually becomes more prominent during older ages. They will lose muscle control.
What is a Transgenic organism? A genetically modified organism (GMO) whose genes are altered or genes form other species are inserted.
What is genetic engineering and how is it useful? It is the process of combining DNA from one organism to another. It can be used to improve defects of certain organism.
When does a Mutation occur? when the codon sequence in the gene segment of the DNA is changed from the order it was in.
What are some examples of mutagens? Radiation or Substances, Ex. vaping, smoking
What is Cloning? A technique scientists use to make exact genetic copies of living things
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