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Genes

Part B

QuestionAnswer
What is the difference between a chromosome and a chromatin? A chromatin is DNA in a string form. A chromosome is formed when a chromatin is wrapped around a protein.
What is a chromatin? DNA in a string form.
What are the 3 parts of a DNA and what do they do? 1. Phosphate: Backbone of the DNA 2. Sugar: Deoxyribose 3. Nitrogenous bases
What are the 4 nitrogenous bases? adenine (A) and thymine (T) -> opposites guanine (G) and cytosine (C) ->opposites
What are codons and what do they do? A 3 nucleotide sequence in which the order of the nitrogenous bases make up a certain amino acid. There are 20 amino acids.
How do nucleotides work? The order of the nitrogenous bases that make up the nucleotide form different amino acids.
What is the difference between amino acids and proteins? Amino acids join together to form a chain called a protein. They carry out specific tasks set out from the DNA.
How to genes relate to DNA? A gene is a segment of a DNA strand which controls a certain trait of an individual. The codon sequence in the gene segment control this.
What is Phenylketonuria (PKU) Caused when the body does not have am enzyme to digest the amino acid Phenylalanine (found in certain proteins). This causes brain damage. Tested with the heel.
What is Down Syndrome, how is it caused, and how can you test for it? A genetic disease when an embryo has an extra chromosome. The 21st chromosome pair has 3 instead of 2. To test for this, amniotic sac fluid is taken and a micrograph of each pair is taken.
What is Huntington Disease and how is it tested? A disease that affects nerve cells, people lose muscle control. DNA screening of the individual.
What are examples of transgenics organisms? A genetically modified organism (GMO) whose genes are altered. Examples are oraniwis, and E-coli bacteria.
What is genetic engineering? To combine genes from one organism to another.
When do mutations occur? The codon sequence in the gene is changed from the order it was in.
What are some examples of mutagens? Radiation or substances that cause genes to mutate. Ex. Radiation, vaping, smoking.
What is cloning? The process used to create an exact genetic replica of a living organism.
Created by: Akshaeyan
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