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Genes
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is a chromatin? | Half a chromosome, a thread like structure made up of DNA which controls the function and characteristics of a cell |
| What is a chromosome | A chromatin coiled around a protein |
| What are the 3 parts of DNA? | Phosphate, sugar (deoxryibose) and Nitrogenous bases. Phosphate and sugar(deoxyibose) act as the backbone of the DNA |
| What are the Nitrogenous bases | Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Guanine (G) and cytosine (C) Found in DNA |
| What is a codon? | A 3 nucleotide sequence in which the order of the Nitrogenous bases make up a certain amino acids |
| what is the nucleotide | These chemical bonds act like rungs in a ladder and help hold the two strands of DNA together. There are four nucleotides, or bases, in DNA: adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T). These bases form specific pairs (A with T, and G with C) |
| How many amino acids are there? | There are 20 amino acids |
| What is protein? | Protein is when amino acids join together to form a chain (protein) which carries out a specific task set out from the DNA EX: Muscle Development, enzyme, hormones |
| What is a gene? | A gene is a segment of DNA strand which controls a certain trat of an individual Ex: height, hair type, body type |
| what role does a codon play in genes? | The codon sequence in the gene segment controls how the organism with the certain trait will turn out |
| What are the 3 disease cases | Phenylketornuria, Down Syndrome and Huntington |
| What is Phenylketornuria (PKU) | the body does not have an enzyme to digest the amino acid phenylaline found in certain proteins, and that can cause brain damage |
| What is the test for Phenylketornuria | Test a baby's blood from its hell to see if they have the protein enzyme that can digest the amino acid phenylaline |
| What is Down Syndrome | This genetic disease occurs when an embryo has an extra chromosome |
| What is the test for Down Syndrome | The test is called (amniocentesis). Amniotic sac fluid is withdrawn and a micrograph of each of the pairs of chromosone is taken |
| What is a karyotype | Karyotyping is a test that uses a micrograph to examine each pair of chromosomes . This test can help identify down syndrome |
| What is the centre of a chromatid | Centromere |
| How many nucleotides form a codone? | 3 |
| Huntington disease | A disease that affects nerve cells so that a person loses muscle control |
| What is the test for Huntington Disease | A DNA screening of the individual for the gene. If 1 parent has the gene, there is a 50% change of getting the disease |
| An example of a Transgenic Organism | Genetically Modified Organism (GMO) |
| What is Genetic Engineering | The process of combining genes (DNA) from one organism to another |
| What is a Genetically Modified Organism (GMO) | a plant, animal or microbe in which one or more changes have been made to the genome, typically using high-tech genetic engineering, in an attempt to alter the characteristics of an organism. |
| what is a transgenic organism | A GMO whose genes are altered or genes from other species are inserted Ex: Coli Bacteria, Oraniwi, Fluorescent pigs |
| When does a mutation occur | A mutation occurs when the codon sequence in the gene segment of the DNA strand is changed in the order it was in |
| What happens when there is a mutation | It creates an abnormality of the protein the codon makes which means the protein can not do its function properly |
| Examples of Mutations | Gene hemoglobin, AGT mutated codon (regular codon is ATG) |
| What are mutagens | radiation or substances that cause the genes to mutate. Ex: radiation, vaping, smoking or eating plastics |
Created by:
Hajeet
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