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Genes

Part B

QuestionAnswer
What are chromosomes? Proteins that contain DNA that has coded information for molecules.
What is a chromatin? A part of DNA and protein found in eukaryotic cells.
What are the 3 parts of a DNA? Phosphate, sugar and the 4 nitrogenous bases
What is a codon? It is a 3 nucleotide sequence in which the order of the nitrogenous bases make up a certain amino acid.
What is a nucleotide? Organic molecules that are composed of phosphate, sugar and the nitrogenous bases
What is an amino acid/protein? It is when amino acids join together to form a chain which carries out a specific task from DNA (ex. muscle development, enzymes and also hormones)
What is a gene? A segment of the DNA strand which controls a certain trait of an individual (ex. height, hair type and body type)
What is phenylketonuria? (or PKU) When the body does not have an enzyme to digest the amino acid phenylalanine found in certain proteins.
How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have? 23 pairs of chromosomes.
What are the four nitrogenous bases? Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Guanine (G), Cytosine (C)
What is Down-Syndrome? A genetic disease where the embryo has an extra chromosome
What is Huntington's Disease? A disease that affects the nerve cells so that a person loses the muscle control.
What is Transgenic Organism? Generally modified organism (or GMOs) whose genes are altered or genes from species are inserted.
What is genetic engineering Process of combining genes (DNA) from one organism to another
What are mutations? Occurs when the codon sequence in gene segment of DNA strand changed, creating an abnormality of the protein the codon makes which means the protein can't do its function properly
What is a mutagen? Radiation/substances that cause the genes to mutate; mutagens that affect codons not in the gene segment does not change
What is cloning? The process of creating identical genetic copies of organisms
Created by: Nehilen
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