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Biology Part B

Genes

QuestionAnswer
What are chromosomes? a thread like structure made up of DNA which controls the function and characteristics of a cell
What is the string that wraps around the chromosome? Its chromatin and it coils up when undergoing cell division
What are the 3 parts of DNA? Its Sugar, Phosphate, and the 4 nitrogenous bases
What are the 4 nitrogenous bases? There is Adenine and Thymine which are opposite each other, and there is Guanine and Cytosine which are opposite each other
What is the Codon? When 3 nucleotide's are in a sequence in which the order of the nitrogenous bases make up a certain amino acid
What is a nucleotide? Its a pair of 2 nitrogenous bases making up a bar/step in the chromosome
How many amino acids are there? there are 20 amino acids
How is protein made? amino acids join together to form a chain creating protein
What does protein do? the protein chain carries out a specific task set out from the DNA
What is a gene?
What is Phenylketonuria (PKU)? Its a disease that occurs when the body doesn't have a certain enzyme to digest the amino acid causing brain damage
What test is done for PKU you would test a baby's blood to see if they have the protein enzyme
What is Down Syndrome? Its a disease which occurs when an embryo has an extra chromosome
What test would be done for Down Syndrome? amniotic sac fluid would be withdrawn and a micrograph (amniocentesis) of each of the pairs of chromosomes would be taken
What is Huntington disease? Its a disease that affects nerve cells so that a person loses muscle control
What test would be done? A DNA screening of the individual for a defective gene would be done
Whats a transgenic organism its a genticaly modified organism (GMO) whose genes are alyered or genes from other species are inserted
What is Genetic engineering? the process of combining genes (DNA) from one organism to another
What are Mutations? occurs when the codon sequence un the gene statemnet of yhe DNA strand is changhed in yjhe order ot was in creating an abnormal
What are Mutagens? is when radiation or substances cause the genes to mutate (mutagens that effect codons not in the gene segment does not change any traits of the organism
What is Cloning? the process of creating identical genetic copies of an organism (Plants do this naturally)
Created by: amina_B
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