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Biology Stack Part B
Part B: Genes
Question | Answer |
---|---|
What are chromosomes? | A thread like structure made up of DNAs which controls functions and characteristics of a cell. |
How many chromosomes does a human have? | Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes. |
What is a chromatin? | uncoiled around proteins, just the strings. |
What are the 3 parts of an DNA? | Phosphate, deoxyribo sugar, and the 4 nitrogenous bases. |
What are the 4 nitrogenous bases? | Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine. |
What is Codon? | 3 nucleotide sequence that makes a certain amino acid |
What is Nucleotide? | The rung of DNA |
What is amino/protein? | amino acid joins together to form a chain (protein) that carries out a certain task set out from the DNA |
What is gene? | a segment of DNA which controls a certain trait of an individual. |
What is Phenylketonuria? | the body does have a an enzyme to digest amino acid phenylalanine found in certain protein. |
What is Down Syndrome? | the embryo has an extra chromosome. |
What is a Huntington Disease? | a disease that affects nerve cells, a person loses muscle control. |
What is Genetic Engineering? | the process of combining genes from one organism to another. |
What is Transgenic Organism? | a genetically modified organism (GMO) whose genes are altered ot genes from other species are inserted |
What is Mutation? | when a codon sequence in the gene segment of the DNA strand changes in order. |
What is Mutagens? | Radiation or substance that causes genes to mutate. |
What are five steps of cloning? | 1)nucleus is removed from a unfertilized female egg 2)cell from an adult sheep is put in a chemical bath with the egg. 3)a joint of electricity fuse them together 4)the fused cell starts to divide to form embryo 5)embryo is implanted into a surrogate |