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Ecology Flashcards

TermDefinition
1. What is Ecology? The scientific study of how organisms interact with each other and with their environment.
2. What does the word "Biosphere" mean? The part of the world which life can exist.
3. What's a Population? Organisms of the same species together in the same place.
5. What's an Ecosystem? All living communities in a given area, including the non-living environment.
6. What's a Habitat? An organism's home.
7. What's a Niche? The way an organism uses/adapts to the conditions in which it lives to its advantage.
8. What's the result of "Niche Overlap" between species? A competition between them.
9. What are Limiting Factors? Environmental factors that stop populations from increasing.
10. What are Biotic Factors? All living things that make up an ecosystem.
4. What's a Community? A group of different populations in the same place at the same time.
11. Give two biotic factors that could cause a deer population to decrease. Bad bacteria, bigger, more aggressive animals, etc.
12. What are Abiotic Factors? All non-living things that make up an ecosystem.
13. Give two abiotic factors that could cause a white pine population to decrease. Temperature, air, etc.
14. What is Carrying Capacity? The max amount of organisms that a habitat can support.
15. What happens when a population reaches its carrying capacity? Survival becomes significantly harder.
16. Why do population ecologists use "Random Sampling"? For an easier, more organized way of finding the amount of something.
17. What is Symbiosis? Multiple species that live together that have a close ecological relationship.
18. What is Mutualism? A relationship where both species benefit (+,+).
19. Give an example of mutualism. Bees and flowers.
20. What is Commensalism? A relationship where one species benefits and the other is unaffected (+,0).
21. Give an example of commensalism. Barnacles on whales.
22. What is Parasitism? A relationship where one species benefits and the other is harmed (+,-).
23. Give an example of parasitism. Ticks.
24. What is Predation? Where one organism (the prey) is killed and devoured by another organism (the predator).
25. Give an example of predation. Bears and fish.
26. What is Competition? The fight for limiting resources between individuals.
27. Describe a specific example of competition. The fight for toilet paper in stores when the pandemic was happening.
28. How does energy move through an ecosystem (does it flow or does it cycle?)? Energy flows.
29. What are Producers (aka Autotrophs)? An organism that produces it's energy by using photosynthesis.
30. What are Consumers (aka Heterotrophs)? Organisms that get their energy by eating other organisms.
31. What's the main source of energy for ecosystems on Earth? The Sun.
32. What are the main producers in Terrestrial (land) ecosystems? Berries, plants, leaves, etc.
33. What are the main producers in Aquatic (water) ecosystems? Bacteria, phytoplankton, algae
34. What's an Herbivore? A consumer that eats only plants.
35. What's a Carnivore? A consumer that eats only meat.
36. What's an Omnivore? A consumer that eats plants & meat.
37. What are Decomposers? Organisms that gain nutrients from breaking down dead things and absorbing them.
38. Give some examples of decomposers. Fungi & bacteria.
39. What are Scavengers? Animals that eat dead organisms.
40. Give some examples of scavengers. Wolves, raccoons, coyotes, etc.
41. What's a Food Chain? A chain like system where one organism eats another organism and gains energy from it. Higher consumers eat lower consumers, and the lowest (primary consumer) eats producers.
42. What's a Food Web? Many food chains connected together.
43. What is a "Trophic Level" in a food chain? Feeding levels in a food chain/web.
44. What are Primary Consumers, Secondary Consumers, and Tertiary Consumers? Organisms that eat other organisms or plants.
45. What's an Energy Pyramid? A pyramid that shows the trophic levels get smaller.
46. How much energy is lost as you move up an energy pyramid? 90%
47. Where does the energy go?? The other organisms.
48. List the sections of a specific lab report. The title, introduction, materials/methods, results, and discussion.
Created by: 29acoro
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