Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Cells & Digestive
Term 2 Exam 2024
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Cells that can't be seen by the naked eye | microscopic cells |
| Organisms made of a single cell | unicellular |
| Example of Unicellular organism: | Amoeba: Bacteria: Paramoecium |
| Organisms made of multiple cells --> | multicellular/macrocellular |
| 4 Characteristics of a cell wall | -outer covering -made of cellulose -non-living - rigid and strong for support, shape and strength |
| 2 Characteristics of a cell membrane | - encloses contents of cell - allows certain substances to enter cell (semi-permeable) |
| 3 Characteristics of a plant vacuole | - sac within filled with cell sap - supportive organ - storage organ |
| What is cell sap composed of? | -water -dissolved food -mineral salts -waste materials |
| 3 Characteristics cytosol/cytoplasm | -jelly like substance -chemical reactions take place -contains all organelles |
| What are organelles? | Structures within a cell |
| What is a chloroplast? | An organelle that contains a green pigment called chlorophyll |
| What is a mitochondrion? | A organelle responsible for cellular respiration |
| What happens during cellular respiration? | Food is broken down to release energy |
| 3 Characteristics of the nucleus | -controls all activities -contains DNA -Is enclosed my nuclear membrane |
| What is DNA? | Deoxyribonucleic acid: -carries hereditary characteristics -makes each person unique |
| 4 Differences between plant cells and animal cells? | Plant cell: -has cell wall -has chloroplasts -rigid shape -large vacuole Animal cell: -no cell wall -no chloroplasts -flexible shape -vacuoles are small! |
| Functions of coarse adjustment knob? | Bring specimen into focus when adjusted |
| Functions of fine adjustment knob? | Bring specimen SHARPLY into focus. |
| Functions of arm? | -Supports Stage -Hold microscope when being held |
| Functions of clip? | holds slide onto stage |
| Functions of base? | Stability |
| Functions of eyepiece? | magnifies specimen being studied |
| Functions of body tube? | holds eyepiece |
| Functions of objective | magnifies specimen |
| Functions of stage? | platform on which slide is placed |
| Functions of diaphragm? | controls light intensity |
| Functions of condenser? | concentrates light onto specimen |
| Functions of mirror? | illuminates the specimen |
| How do you calculate total magnification? | ocular magnification x objective magnification |
| What are cells? | the building blocks of life |
| What is tissue? | -a group of similar cells working together to perform the same function |
| what is an example of a tissue? | -muscle tissue -connective tissue -bone |
| What is an organ? | a group of different tissues working together to carry out a specific function. |
| What is a system? | different organs working together to form a body system. |
| Examples of body systems? | -circulatory system -nervous system -digestive system |
| What is the digestive system? | A system that breaks down food into small particles called molecules so it can be absorbed into the bloodstream and transported throughout the body. |
| Why is food so important? | -provides body with energy -supplies body with protein which is needed for growth -has nutrients that repairs/replaces damaged tissue -protects body from disease and infections |
| What is the alimentary canal? | -long tube from the mouth to anus - made of mouth cavity; esophagus; stomach; small intestine; large intestine; rectum and anus |
| What is the associated organs? | organs that assist in the digestion process: -teeth -tongue -liver -pancreas |
| What is ingestion? | taking in food through the mouth |
| What is mechanical digestion? | physical breakdown of food by teeth of muscles of stomach walls |
| What is chemical digestion? | Breaking down food using chemical substances such as enzymes or hydrochloric acid |
| What is absorption? | movement of dissolved nutrients from small intestine into blood stream. |
| What is egestion? | removal of undigested food or waste material from the body via anus (defaecation) |
| What happens in the mouth cavity? | -teeth chew and crush food -tongue moves food and mixes it saliva -tongue helps in swallowing food |
| What is the purpose the liver? | secretes bile (bile assists in the digestion of fats in the small intestines) |
| What is the purpose the gall bladder? | -stores bile |
| What is the purpose the small intestine? | -chyme from stomach enters small intestine -digestive juices from walls digest chyme into molecules and is then absorbed into the blood |
| What is the purpose the anus? | egests faeces out of body |
| What is the purpose the esophagus? | Muscles in walls contracting and relaxing to push food into stomach (peristalsis) |
| What is the purpose the stomach? | (muscular sac like) -digestive juices (enzymes & hydrochloric acid) which partially digests food -partially digested food forms thick liquid called chyme |
| what is the purpose of the pancreas? | (tongue shaped organ found below the stomach) -secretes digestive juices into small intestine (helps digest chyme) |
| What is the purpose the large intestine/colon? | (muscular tube) -temporary storage organ for undigested waste (faeces) |
| What is the importance of water? | -provides medium for chemical reactions to occur in cells -removes waste material from body (sweat/urine) -major component of blood --> transports dissolved suubstances *when sweat evaporates it cools the body |
| What are the 6 essential components to a balanced diet? | -fats and oils -proteins -carbohydrates -fibre -vitamins and minerals |
| Importance of carbs? | -main source of energy -either starch or glucose |
| Examples of carbs? | bread; rice; maize; chocolates |
| Importance of proteins? | -body is mainly made of this -needed for growth and replacement for damaged or worn out cells |
| Examples of proteins? | fish; meat; eggs; beans |
| Purpose of fats and oils? | -source of energy -stored as reserve energy -insulator --> prevents heat loss |
| TRUE OR FALSE, PROVIDE EXPLANATION: fats are from fish and plants | False, fats are from animals (under skin, heart, kidneys) and oils are from fish and plants |
| Examples of fats and oils? | cheese; chips; nuts |
| Importance of fibre? | (cannot be digested) -prevents constipation -absorbs poisonous substances - reduces risk or heart disease; bowel cancer and it reduces cholesterol |
| Examples of fibre? | - roughage comes form plant materials - bran - sweet corn - celery |
| Importance of vitamins and minerals? | -needed in small quantities daily -vitamin C is needed for preventing flu -calcium is needed for development of healthy bones and teeth ----> lack in v + m causes deficiency diseases |
| What is malnutrition? | Harmful effects of eating too much/little/wrong foods |
| Can you name 4 eating disorders caused by malnutrition? | -kwashiorkor -anorexia -marasmus -obesity ✨ |
| What's kwashiorkor? | -Disorder caused by eating too little protein. -symptoms are bloated stomach and cracked skin |
| What's anorexia? | -A phycological disorder where a person refuses to eat -Symptoms are loss of body mass -sterility in young women |
| What are ulcers? | -Inner wall of stomach is damaged -caused by bacterium --> antibiotics -stress and extrah acid production can encourage develpoment |
| What's obesity? | -eating too much energy rich foods -increase in body mass -high blood pressure -heart disease -diabetes |
| What's diarrhea ? | - frequent passing of watery faeces - leads to severe dehydration - fever, vomiting and stomach cramps CAUSED BY: -bacterial infections -food poisoning |
| What's cirrhosis of the liver and what does it cause? | -Scarring of liver tissue ---> blocks normal blood flow through liver CAUSES: -chronic alcoholism -viral infection (hepatitis B, C, D) -obesity and diabetes |
Created by:
ariyana.r
Popular Biology sets