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ENV SCI U10 CLIMATE

TermDefinition
CLIMATE the long-term weather pattern in a region, typically averaged over 30 years
LATITUDE a coordinate that specifies the north–south position of a point on the surface of the Earth -- it is given as an angle that ranges from −90° at the south pole to 90° at the north pole, with 0° at the Equator.
WIND is the natural movement of air or other gases relative to a planet's surface
PREVAILING WINDS a surface wind that blows predominantly from a particular direction . . . it is the result of global patterns of movement in the Earth's atmosphere.
TRADE WINDS also known as easterlies, these are permanent east-to-west prevailing winds that flow in the Earth's equatorial region. They have been used by captains of sailing ships to cross the world's oceans for centuries.
EL NINO global climate phenomenon from variations in winds & sea surface temperatures over the tropical Pacific Ocean. It does have some semblance of a cycle, but is not predictable. It primarily affects the climate of the tropics & subtropics.
LA NINA this is the COOLING phase counterpart to EL NINO
OZONE LAYER a region of Earth's stratosphere that absorbs most of the Sun's ultraviolet radiation. It contains a high concentration of ozone (O3) in relation to other parts of the atmosphere, although still small in relation to other gases in the stratosphere
CFCs (CLOROFLOUROCARBONS) These chemicals contain chlorine, flourine, and carbon and have been widely used as refrigerants, propellants, gaseous fire suppression systems, and solvents. Use results in ozone depletion in the upper atmosphere.
OZONE HOLE area of the Antarctic stratosphere in which ozone levels have dropped . . . the primary cause is the presence of chlorine-containing source gases (primarily CFCs and related halocarbons).
GREENHOUSE EFFECT occurs when greenhouse gases in the atmosphere insulate the planet from losing heat to space, raising its surface temperature.
GREENHOUSE GASES gases in the atmosphere that raise the surface temperature of the Earth . . . they absorb the wavelengths of radiation that a planet emits, resulting in the greenhouse effect.
GLOBAL WARMING the phenomenon of increasing average air temperatures near the surface of Earth over the past one to two centuries
IPCC (INTERGOVERNMENTAL PANEL ON CLIMATE CHANGE) is the United Nations body for assessing the science related to climate change
KYOTO PROTOCAL an international treaty that commits parties to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, based on a consensus that global warming is occurring and that human-made CO2 emissions are driving it. It was adopted in Kyoto, Japan, on 12/11/97.
FOUR MAJOR GREENHOUSE GASES The five most abundant in Earth's atmosphere, listed in decreasing order of average global mole fraction, are: water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, ozone.
CONSEQUENCES OF GLOBAL WARMING These could include more severe weather, higher death rates, dirtier air, more wildlife extinction, higher sea levels, more acidic oceans, etc.
Created by: kristin.miller
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