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Evolution Exam 5
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Speciation | A potential outcome of evolution |
| Anagenesis | Gradualism - Directional selection under changing enviornmental pressures within one lineage that results in the formation of a new species. |
| Cladogenesis | Punctured Equilibrium- Disruptive selection by the reduction gene flow between two lineages that results in the formation of two new species. |
| General Concept of Species | exchange alleles to comprise the same gene pool, interbreeding populations, the smallest evolutionary unit |
| Species | A group of interbreeding populations (produce viable offspring) that are evolutionarily independant of other populations |
| Species Concept | A possible way to define a species based on various explicet criteria |
| Ring Species Concept | A ring species concept is a circular arrangement of populations with one boundary characterized by reproductive isolation |
| Phylogenetic Species Concept | one of many species concepts that states that a species is a group of organisms who share a common ancestor |
| Key to Speciation | Lack of gene flow then selection and drift |
| Allopatric Speciation | Physical isolation leads to genetic isolation |
| Allopatry | Populations physically seperated |
| Sympatry | Populatoins physically connected |
| Variance | Cessation of gene flow is caused by physical seperation |
| Dispersal | Cessation of gene flow is caused by tgradual seperation by individual movement |
| Cessation | a temporary or final ceasing |
| Sympatric Speciation | Caused by differences in ecology such as food, sex, allopolyploidy |
| Food | Species consumes the same food and when a new source arrives some individuals shift to consuming only the new source |
| Sex | Female preference shifts |
| Niche Partitioning | Differentiation in resource use, behavior, habbitat occupancy, and other elements of the ecological |
| Polyploidy | Multiple copies of each chromosome (diploid, triploid, tetraploid) |
| Allopolyploidy | whole genome duplication through hybridization |
| Reinforcement | Maintenance of distinct evolutionary lineages by through reduces relative fitness of hybrid offspring |
| Ecological Niche | all of the physical, temporal, and biological factors a species needs for survival |
| Fundamental Niche | The theoretical, fundamental niche that an organism would occupy in the absence of competition with other species |
| Realized Niche | Many species coexist even with competition among other species, driving them to occupy this |
| Drivers of biodiversity Biotic | predation, competition, parasitism, symbiosis |
| Drivers of biodiversity Abiotic | Soil comp, substrate, aspect, topography, altitude, temp |
| Intermediate Disturbance hypothesis | species diversity is highest under intermediate frequency and magnitude of distubance |
| Too Little Distubance | when distubance is rare, competition decreases species diversity |
| Too Much Disturbance | Where distubance is intense, few species can persist |
| LBG | Higher diversity at lower altitudes |
| Species Richness | How many species are present |
| Species Evenness | What is the relative abundance of all species present |
| Alpha Diversiry | Species richness within a single site |
| Beta Diversity | Difference in community composition between multiple sites |
| Sampling Bias | How many samples have we collected? Have we accounted for cryptic or rare species? |
| Temporal Bias | Some species are migratory and only inhabit a habitat for part of the year |
| Toxonomic Bias | Some species are easeir to find than others |
Created by:
krcollins147
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