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Bio Chapter 35
Reproduction and Development
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The location of the testes outside the body within the scrotum allows? | a slightly cooler temperature for sperm to develop. |
| What is the role of homeotic genes during development? | regulate the correct placement of animal body parts |
| ______ are organs that contain germ cells, which give rise to gametes. | Gonads |
| In egg formation, meiosis is not completed until ______ occurs. | Fertilization |
| Select all the types of signals that can stimulate cell development and differentiation during animal development. | -Hormones -Protein Gradient -Homoetic genes |
| Select all of the following effects of testosterone in adult males. | -sustain the libido -stimulate sperm production -control activity of the prostate gland |
| In males, testosterone causes the secretion of ______ during puberty. | Growth hormone |
| During ovulation, a ______ is released from its follicle and is swept into the ______. | secondary oocyte, uterine tube |
| In females, progesterone and estrogen are secreted by the ______ in response to stimulation by FSH and LH secreted by the ______. | ovaries; anterior pituitary |
| How do birth control pills and injections act to prevent contraception? | prevent ovulation |
| After ovulation in animals, the ruptured follicle differentiates into a gland called the | corpus luteum. |
| High levels of estrogen exert ______ on the secretion of hormones from the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary. | Negative Feedback |
| For fertilization to occur, the sperm must pass through ______ cells that surround the ovum. | Follicle |
| On average out of 100 sexually active, fertile women, how many will become pregnant each year if no birth control is used? | 85 |
| What is the gastrula stage | stage when three germ layers form |
| What is the morula? | Consists of 16 or more cells in a solid ball |
| What is a blastocyst? | A hollow sphere consisting of the inner cell mass and trophoblast outer layer |
| What is a zygote? | fertilized egg cell |
| What is the Fetal stage? | stage when organ systems continue to develop and become functional |
| What is the Embryonic stage? | germ layers begin to differentiate into organ systems |
| About 7 days after fertilization, the ______ has formed and consists of an inner cell mass and fluid surrounded by a layer called the trophoblast. | Blastocyst |
| In a process called ______, the trophoblast sends out projections and secretes enzymes to embed the blastocyst into the uterine lining. | Implantation |
| The embryonic stage of human development occurs from? | implantation to 8 weeks. |
| The ___ ___ manufactures blood cells until week 6 | Yolk sac |
| An embryonic layer called the ______ forms the inner layer of the gastrula. | Endoderm |
| The amnion helps maintain a regulated temperature and ______ that protects the developing embryo. | Pressure |
| Select the four membranes that protect and nourish the developing embryo. | -chorion -yolk sac -amnion -allantois |
| The extraembryonic membrane called the ______ contains fluid that cushions the embryo and maintains a constant temperature. | Amnion |
| Outpouching of the yolk sac; gives rise to the blood cells in the umbilical cord | Allantois |
| At about 3 weeks, the ______ forms along the back of the embryonic disc and becomes a longitudinal axis around which structures organize as they develop. | Primitive streak |
| The ______ is a structure that forms from a combination of embryonic tissues and endometrial tissues and that nourishes the embryo. | Placenta |
| Connects baby to mom's circulation, will eventually be replaced by the placenta | Chorion |
| Put the structures into the order that they arise during embryonic development, beginning at the top with the first structure. | 1. embryonic disk 2. Primitive streak 3. neural groove 4. neural tube |
| elect all of the following that are true about the human embryo around 4 weeks. | -embryo is about 6 millimeters long -neural crest cells migrate and form the foundation of the peripheral nervous system -limb buds appear |
| The organ systems have formed, are functioning, and begin coordinating during the ______ stage. | Fetal |
| Select all of the following that are exchanged between the fetal blood vessels and the mother's blood at the placenta. | -glucose -ions and amino acids -oxygen and carbon dioxide -urea and other wastes |
| By the end of the __ th week (2nd month), all organ systems are in place | 8 |
| ______ feedback induces hormonal changes to cause childbirth to initiate and continue. | Positive |
| By the 3rd month, what is noticed? | Bone is forming |
| True or false? Viruses can cause birth defects | True |
| In a positive feedback cycle, the hormone ______ stimulates contraction of uterine muscles during childbirth. | Oxytocin |
| When the hypothalamus secretes ______, the anterior pituitary gland secretes ______ that stimulate the ovaries in females. | GnRH; FSH and LH |
| During spermatogenesis, which of the following is the first haploid cell? | Secondary Spermatocyte |
| What are the products of meiosis I in oogenesis? | secondary oocyte and polar body |
Created by:
Sydboyer15
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