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Chapter 8 Part 1
Honors Biology Vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Cell Cycle | the life span or generation time of a cell from its beginnings to the time it will divide |
| G1 | the first growth phase of a cell where it increases to adult size and perform its functions |
| S | the synthesis phase where a cell replicates its DNA, so the cell is committed to dividing |
| G2 | the second growth phase where it builds up the materials needed for cell division before protein synthesis shuts down |
| G0 | the phase of a cell where it jumps out of the cell cycle because it is too complex to ever divide again |
| Mitosis | a form of asexual reproduction in which a parent cell divides producing two daughter cells having identical genetic components (the same DNA) |
| Parent Cell | the original cell that is being divided |
| Daughter Cell | 2 identical cells divided off of the parent cell |
| Somatic Cell | normal building cells that aren't involved in sexual reproduction |
| Diploid Number | a full set of chromosomes characteristic of that species (2n) in their cells |
| IPMAT | stages of a cell cycle including interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase |
| Chromatin | a combination of DNA and histones |
| Chromatids | replicated copies of DNA held by a centromere |
| Centromere | holds chromatids together and attached them to spindle fibers |
| Centrioles | organelle that organizes the cytoskeleton in animal cells |
| Aster Rays | new temporary cytoskeleton |
| Spindle Apparatus | all the microtubules involved in cell division |
| Polar Fibers | spindle fibers that extend from pole to pole and establish the plane of division for the cell |
| Kinetochore Fibers | spindle fibers that extend from pole to centromere and move chromosomes by lengthening/shortening |
| Metaphase Plate | the equator of the cell where chromosomes are pulled toward |
| Sister Chromosomes | 2 replicated chromosomes that were split off the original chromosome |
| Cytokinesis | the division of the cytoplasm |
| Cleavage Furrow | a contraction ring formed by actin microfilaments pulling in the cell membrane in the center of the cell where there is no support from aster rays |
| Cell Plate | a new cell membrane between 2 plant cells formed by small vesicles produced during G2 that migrated and fused together |
| Binary Fission | cells splitting into 2 |
| Exogenous Controls | controlling factors outside the cell like the availability of nutrients, the oxygen supply, temperature, and chalones |
| Chalones | chemicals produced by cells that influence/inhibit the reproduction and differentiation of cells of their own type |
| Endogenous Controls | controlling factors for division that come from inside the cell like genetic controls |
| Inducers | genetic controls that turn on the cell division process |
| Suppressors | genetic controls that turn off cell division |
| Oncogenes | genes that keep dividing and become cancer genes |
| Density-Dependent Behavior | behavior in which cells normally stop dividing when they fill an area or are in close contact to other cells |
| Tumors | a mass of cells |
| Benign Tumors | tumors that are harmless under current conditions |
| Malignant Tumors | tumors that cause harm as they no longer perform the normal functions of their cell type and interfere with other cells' functions |
| Metastasis | when cancer cells break off the original tumor, can travel to other parts of the body and establish new tumors |
| Carcinogens | substances that can cause cancer |
Created by:
Akosssua
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