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Nerve terms
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Anterior column | white matter between the anterior horns of the spinal cord composed of many different groups of axons of both ascending and descending tracts |
| anterior horn | gray matter of the spinal cord containing multipolar motor neurons, sometimes referred to as the ventral horn |
| anterior median fissure | deep midline feature of the anterior spinal cord, marking the separation between the right and left sides of the cord |
| axillary nerve | systemic nerve of the arm that arises from the brachial plexus |
| brain stem | region of the adult brain that includes the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata and develops from the mesencephalon, metencephalon, and myelencephalon of the embryonic brain |
| central canal | hollow space within the spinal cord that is the remnant of the center of the neural tube |
| central sulcus | surface landmark of the cerebral cortex that marks the boundary between the frontal and parietal lobes |
| cerebellum | region of the adult brain connected primarily to the pons that developed from the metencephalon (along with the pons) and is largely responsible for comparing information from the cerebrum with sensory feedback from the periphery through the spinal cord |
| cerebral cortex | outer gray matter covering the forebrain, marked by wrinkles and folds known as gyri and sulci |
| cerebral hemisphere | one half of the bilaterally symmetrical cerebrum |
| cerebrum | region of the adult brain that develops from the telencephalon and is responsible for higher neurological functions such as memory, emotion, and consciousness |
| corpus callosum | large white matter structure that connects the right and left cerebral hemispheres |
| cranial nerve | one of twelve nerves connected to the brain that are responsible for sensory or motor functions of the head and neck |
| diencephalon | region of the adult brain that retains its name from embryonic development and includes the thalamus and hypothalamus |
| dorsal (posterior) nerve root | axons entering the posterior horn of the spinal cord |
| dorsal (posterior) root ganglion | sensory ganglion attached to the posterior nerve root of a spinal nerve |
| dura mater | tough, fibrous, outer layer of the meninges that is attached to the inner surface of the cranium and vertebral column and surrounds the entire CNS |
| fascicle | small bundles of nerve or muscle fibers enclosed by connective tissue |
| foramen magnum | large opening in the occipital bone of the skull through which the spinal cord emerges and the vertebral arteries enter the cranium |
| forebrain | anterior region of the adult brain that develops from the prosencephalon and includes the cerebrum and diencephalon |
| frontal lobe | region of the cerebral cortex directly beneath the frontal bone of the cranium |
| gastric plexuses | a meshwork of autonomic neurons and ganglia situated around the gastric arteries |
| gyrus | ridge formed by convolutions on the surface of the cerebrum or cerebellum |
| hindbrain | posterior region of the adult brain that develops from the rhombencephalon and includes the pons, medulla oblongata, and cerebellum |
| hypothalamus | major region of the diencephalon that is responsible for coordinating autonomic and endocrine control of homeostasis |
| lateral column | white matter of the spinal cord between the posterior horn on one side and the axons from the anterior horn on the same side; composed of many diff groups of axons, of both ascending and descending tracts, carrying motor commands to and from the brain |
| lateral horn | region of the spinal cord gray matter in the thoracic, upper lumbar, and sacral regions that is the central component of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system |
| lateral sulcus | surface landmark of the cerebral cortex that marks the boundary between the temporal lobe and the frontal and parietal lobes |
| lateral ventricles | portions of the ventricular system that are in the region of the cerebrum |
| limbic system | structures at the edge (limit) of the boundary between the forebrain and hindbrain that are most associated with emotional behavior and memory formation |
| longitudinal fissure | large separation along the midline between the two cerebral hemispheres |
| meninges | protective outer coverings of the CNS composed of connective tissue |
| mesencephalon | primary vesicle of the embryonic brain that does not significantly change through the rest of embryonic development and becomes the midbrain |
| metencephalon | secondary vesicle of the embryonic brain that develops into the pons and the cerebellum |
| midbrain | middle region of the adult brain that develops from the mesencephalon |
| myelencephalon | secondary vesicle of the embryonic brain that develops into the medulla |
| nerve plexus | network of nerves without neuronal cell bodies included |
| occipital lobe | region of the cerebral cortex directly beneath the occipital bone of the cranium |
| parietal lobe | region of the cerebral cortex directly beneath the parietal bone of the cranium |
| parieto-occipital sulcus | groove in the cerebral cortex representing the border between the parietal and occipital cortices |
| perineurium | layer of connective tissue surrounding fascicles within a nerve |
| plexus | network of nerves or nervous tissue |
| posterior columns | white matter of the spinal cord that lies between the posterior horns of the gray matter, sometimes referred to as the dorsal column; composed of axons of ascending tracts that carry sensory information up to the brain |
| posterior horn | gray matter region of the spinal cord in which sensory input arrives, sometimes referred to as the dorsal horn |
| posterior median sulcus | midline feature of the posterior spinal cord, marking the separation between right and left sides of the cord |
| posterolateral sulcus | feature of the posterior spinal cord marking the entry of posterior nerve roots and the separation between the posterior and lateral columns of the white matter |
| precentral gyrus | ridge just posterior to the central sulcus, in the parietal lobe, where somatosensory processing initially takes place in the cerebrum |
| prefrontal lobe | specific region of the frontal lobe anterior to the more specific motor function areas, which can be related to the early planning of movements and intentions to the point of being personality-type functions |
| premotor area | region of the frontal lobe responsible for planning movements that will be executed through the primary motor cortex |
| spinal nerve | one of 31 nerves connected to the spinal cord |
| sulcus | groove formed by convolutions in the surface of the cerebral cortex |
| temporal lobe | region of the cerebral cortex directly beneath the temporal bone of the cranium |
| thalamus | major region of the diencephalon that is responsible for relaying information between the cerebrum and the hindbrain, spinal cord, and periphery |
| ventral (anterior) nerve root | axons emerging from the anterior or lateral horns of the spinal cord |
| ventricles | remnants of the hollow center of the neural tube that are spaces for cerebrospinal fluid to circulate through the brain |
Created by:
Kivy
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