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Endocrine All
All vocabulary for the endocrine system
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| endocrine | What system has groups of gland that secrete hormones into the blood stream? |
| Nervous and endocrine | what are the names of the two body systems that work together to promote homeostsis? |
| hormones | What is the name of chemical messengers that have regulatory effects on certain cells or organs> |
| target | The specific tissues acted on by each hormone are called what kind of tissue? |
| receptor | these are either embedded in the plasma membrane or found within the cytoplasm of the target tissue to which the hormone attaches |
| proteins and lipids | The 2 main categories of hormones are what? |
| regulate growth, metabolism and behavor | What are the functions of hormones?. |
| steroids | Class of homones that can cross the plasma membrane |
| progesterone | A hormone produced by the ovaries which acts with estrogen to bring about the menstral cycle. |
| testosterone | Male sex hormone |
| negative feedback | A primary mechanism of homeostasis, whereby a change in a physiological variable that is being monitored triggers a response that counteracts the initial fluctuation. |
| positive feedback | Feedback that tends to magnify a process or increase its output. |
| pituitary | master endocrine gland |
| anterior/posterior lobes | divisions of the pituitary gland |
| thyrotrophin | hormone from the anterior pituitary gland that stimulates function of the thyroid gland |
| releasing hormones | What are chemical messengers from the hypothalamus called |
| hypothalamus | brain region controlling the pituitary gland and the entire endocrine system |
| anterior lobe of the pituitary | the lobe of the pituitary that releases growth hormone-GH, thyroid stimulating hormone-TSH, adrenocorticotropic hormone-ACTH, prolactin-PRH, follicle stimulating hormone-FSH and luteinizing hormone-LH |
| Growth Hormone (GH) | hormone secreted by anterior pituitary gland that stimulates growth of bones |
| Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) | stimulates secretion from thyroid gland |
| Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) | Stimulates adrenal cortex to secrete glucocorticoids |
| Prolactin (PRL) | stimulates milk production |
| Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) | secreted by the pituitary gland to stimulate maturation of the egg cell (ovum) |
| Leutinizing Hormone (LH) | stimulates ovulation |
| antidiuretic hormone (ADH) | influences the absorption of water by kidney tubules and decreases water excretion |
| oxytocin | a hormone that causes contraction of the uterus and triggers milk ejection from the breasts |
| thyroid gland | produces hormones that regulate metabolism, body heat, and bone growth |
| location of the thyroid gland | in the neck on either side of the larynx. |
| thyroxine | T4 thyroid hormone |
| triiodothyronine | T3 thyroid hormone |
| calcitonin | Lowers blood calcium levels by depositing calcium into the bone tissue |
| hyperthyroidism | the medical term for overactive thyroid |
| hypothyroidism | the medical term for underactive thyroid |
| location of parathyroid glands | in the neck on the thyroid gland |
| parathyroid hormone (PTH) | A hormone secreted that raises blood calcium level by promoting calcium release from bone and calcium retention by the kidneys. |
| calcium | the compound regulated by the parathyroid and the thyroid glands. |
| location of the adrenal glands | on top of the kidneys |
| adrenal medulla | The name of the inner portion of the adrenal gland that is under nervous system control |
| Adrenal cortex | The name of the outer portion of the adrenal gland |
| epinephrine and norepinephrine | The 2 hormones of the adrenal medulla that act as neurotransmitters |
| fight or flight | The term is used to describe the effects of epinephrine and norepinephrine on the body |
| Glucocorticoids | raises blood sugar levels |
| mineralicorticoids | regluates blood sodium levels and blood pressure |
| insulin | The hormone that facilitates the uptake of glucose into the cells |
| diabetes mellitus | What is the condition in which the islet cells either do not produce enough insulin or the body cannot use the insulin that is produces. |
| ductless glands | endocrine glands |
| glands with ducts | exocrine |
| Homeostasis | process by which organisms maintain a relatively stable internal environment |
| peptide | protein |
| 2nd messenger system | If a hormone has a specific receptor for it on a cell the hormone will bind with the receptor. Receptor will relay the message to cAMP |
| hormone-receptor complex | a steroid hormone bound to a target molecule inside the cell that will bind to DNA and activate particular genes |
| gene activation | production of cellular enzymes that will cause cellular changes |
| location of thymus gland | mediastinum, above the heart in the thoracic cavity |
| location of hypothalamus | in the brain below the thalamus |
| neurosecretory cells | Neurons that secrete neurohormone rather than neurotransmitter. |
| antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin | hormones produced by the hypothalamus that are stored in the posterior pituitary. |
| gonadotropic hormones | regulate hormonal activity of the gonads |
| acromegaly | abnormal enlargement of the extremities caused by too much growth hormone released into adulthood |
| pituitary dwarfism | lack of growth hormone, normal proportions with short stature |
| thyroid hormone | hormone group that regulates metabolic rate |
| goiter | Enlargement of the thyroid gland due to lack of iodine in the diet. |
| congenital hypothyroidism | condition present at birth that results in lack of thyroid hormones; results in poor physical and mental development; formerly called cretinism |
| myxedema | Hypothyroidism in adults |
| graves disease | high thyroid hormone causes this disease |
| Cushing's syndrome | a condition caused by prolonged exposure to high levels of adrenal cortex hormones; characterized by swelling |
| Addison's disease | a condition that occurs when the adrenal glands do not produce enough adrenal cortex hormones; characterized by bronzing of the skin |
| Insulin | this hormone is released when blood calcium is too high and stimluates the uptake of glucose into tissues |
| Glucogon | this hormone is released when blood calcium is too low and stimluates the release of of glucose into the blood |
| liver and adipose | all of the tissues that are targeted by glucogon |
| muscle, liver and adipose | all of the tissues that are targeted by insulin |
| pancreas | organ that regulates the level of glucose in the blood |
| type 1 diabetes mellitus | diabetes caused by a total lack of insulin production; usually develops in childhood, and patients require insulin replacement therapy to control the disorder |
| type 2 diabetes mellitus | diabetes in which either the body produces insufficient insulin or insulin resistance (a defective use of the insulin that is produced) occurs; the patient usually is not dependent on insulin for survival |
| hyperglucemia | high blood sugar |
| Hypoglycemia | low blood sugar |
| Testes | male gonads |
| ovaries | female gonads |
| Estrogen | Female sex hormone |
| secondary sex characteristics | non-reproductive sexual characteristics, such as female breasts and hips, male voice quality, and body hair |
| Thymus gland | Gland in the thoracic cavity above the heart where T lymphocytes mature. |
| most active gland during childhood | thymus |
| pineal gland | regulates sleep-wake cycles; located in the brain, secretes melatonin |
| leptin | A hormone produced by adipose (fat) cells that acts as a satiety factor in regulating appetite. |
| growth factors | stimulate the growth and division of cells |
| prostoglandins | potent chemical signals that act locallythat have a variety of functions |
Created by:
brookebiery
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