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Higher biology 3.3
Crop Protection
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What things do farmers need to protect their crops from? | Pests/diseases and competition |
| Name the two types of weed. | Annual and perennial |
| Give four properties of an annual weed. | Rapid growth, short life cycle, high seed output and long-term seed viability |
| Give two properties of a perennial weed. | Storage organs and vegetative reproduction |
| What are herbicides used for? | To kill weeds |
| Name the two types of herbicides | Selective and systemic |
| Explain how selective herbicides work. | They have a greater effect on certain plant species (broad-leaved weeds) |
| Explain how systemic herbicides work. | Spreads through the vascular system of the plant and prevents regrowth |
| What are pesticides used for? | Pesticides are used to kill pests. |
| What are pests? | Invertebrate animals which physically damage the plant and reduce it's productivity. |
| What affect do pests have on productivity? | Decrease |
| How do systemic pesticides work? | Systemic pesticides travel through the vascular systems of the plants killing the pests that east the plant. |
| Name the three types of pests. | Insects, nematode worms, molluscs |
| Name the three types of pesticides. | Insecticides, nematicides and molluscicides |
| Which type of pesticide is used to kill insects? | Insecticides |
| Which type of pesticide is used to kill nematodes? | Nematicides |
| Which type of pesticide is used to kill molluscs? | Molluscicides |
| Which type of pest do insecticides target? | Insects |
| Which type of pest do nematicides target? | Nematodes |
| Which type of pest do mollucicides target? | Mollucs |
| What is bioaccumulation? | The build up of a chemical in an organism |
| What is biomagnification? | Increase in the concentration of a chemical moving between trophic levels in a food chain. |
| Describe four problems with using pesticides. | Toxicity to non-target species; persistence in the environment; bioaccumulation/biomagnification in food chains; produces resistant pest populations |
| What are the three causes of plant diseases? | Fungi, bacteria or viruses |
| How are the disease-causing organisms (fungi, bacteria or viruses) that infect plants often carried? | By pests |
| Name the three cultural methods of crop protection. | Ploughing, weeding and crop rotation |
| Apart from cultural or chemical methods, what other method can be used to control pests? | Biological control |
| What is biological control? | Using one species or biological agent to control the population size of another species. |
| What are the control agents of biological control? | Natural predators, parasites or pathogens of the pest |
| What are the three risks of using biological control? | The control species can become: invasive, parasites or pathogens of non-target species, predators of non-target species |
| What is integrated pest management? | The combination of chemical, biological and cultural methods to control pest populations. |
Created by:
MsKerrBiology
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