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Climate & Biomes
Global Climate and Biomes
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Expected pattern of weather over a long period of time, reflecting the average conditions | Climate |
| Short-term atmospheric conditions, including temperature, humidity, precipitation, and wind | Weather |
| Using numerical data and analysis to understand and solve problems | Quantitative Reasoning |
| Energy from the Sun that provides heat, light, and radiant energy for life on Earth | Solar Radiation |
| Two times a year when the Sun crosses the celestial equator, resulting in equal day and night | Equinox |
| Two times a year when the Sun reaches its highest or lowest point in the sky at noon, resulting in the longest and shortest days | Solstice |
| The circle of latitude on the Earth at 23°26' north, marking the northernmost point where the Sun appears directly overhead | Tropic of Cancer |
| The circle of latitude on the Earth at 23°26' south, marking the southernmost point where the Sun appears directly overhead | Tropic of Capricorn |
| Large-scale movement of air and mechanisms that create differences in air temperature across the Earth | Atmospheric Circulation |
| Circular movement of air around the globe, responsible for the formation of tropical rainforests and deserts | Hadley Cell |
| Air circulation pattern between latitudes of 30° and 60° north and south, similar to the Hadley cell | Ferrel Cell |
| Atmospheric circulation pattern near the poles, producing high-pressure areas and low precipitation | Polar Cell |
| Deflection of moving air and water caused by the Earth's rotation, influencing wind patterns and ocean circulation | Coriolis Effect |
| Dry area on the leeward side of a mountain caused by adiabatic heating and the subsequent adiabatic cooling and condensation of moisture | Rain Shadow |
| The ability of a substance to store thermal energy, influencing temperature differences at the interior of landmasses and along coasts | Heat Capacity |
| Process by which moisture is carried through plants from roots to small pores on the underside of leaves, where it changes to vapor and is released to the atmosphere | Transpiration |
| Large geographic areas with similar climatic and physical factors, leading to distinctive formations of plants and animals | Biomes |
| Temperature decreases approximately 6.4°C per 1,000 m increase in elevation due to air expansion. | Adiabatic Cooling |
| Mountaintops viewed as isolated habitats surrounded by lower-elevation landscapes, serving as refuges for boreal species. | Sky Islands |
| Major vegetation groupings defined by water availability, sunlight intensity, and temperature. | Terrestrial Biomes |
| Top 100-200 m of ocean/lake where sunlight penetrates, supporting most photosynthesis. | Photic Zone |
| Below the photic zone, where light levels are too low for photosynthesis, limiting organism presence. | Aphotic Zone |
| Tropical and subtropical marine-terrestrial interface dominated by woody vegetation, providing nursery and rearing areas for marine species. | Mangrove Forests |
| Submerged flowering marine plants forming a link between mangroves and coral reefs, supporting diverse marine species. | Seagrass Beds |
| Marine habitat with hard substrate providing anchoring points for marine invertebrates and algae, forming kelp forests. | Rocky-Substrate Zones |
| Dynamic marine habitat with constantly shifting sand grains, home to infauna and mobile organisms. | Sandy-Bottom Zones |
| Habitats with less than 500 ppm of dissolved salts, covering 0.01% of the Earth's surface. | Freshwater Biological Zones |
| Molecules like carbon dioxide and methane that absorb and emit thermal energy, contributing to global temperature rise. | Greenhouse Gases |
| Current geological age where human activity is the dominant influence on climate and the environment. | Anthropocene |
| Found near equator, high precipitation, warm year-round | Tropical rainforest biome |
| Slightly higher latitudes, substantial annual rainfall, distinct wet and dry seasons | Tropical dry forests |
| Large open grasslands, short wet season, long hot dry season | Tropical savannas |
| Areas with evaporation exceeding precipitation, receive less than 250 mm of precipitation per year | Deserts |
| Cool, wet winters and hot, dry summers, moderate annual temperature fluctuations | Mediterranean scrubland |
| Grass-dominated regions, strong seasonal temperature variations, periodic fires | Temperate grasslands |
| Deciduous trees, distinct seasonality, dense canopy, rich soils | Temperate forests |
| Coniferous forests, long winters, shallow-rooted evergreen conifers | Boreal forest biome |
| Treeless landscape, short growing season, mainly snow precipitation | Tundra |
Created by:
cheche.stoddard
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