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Evolution/Speciation
Evolution and Speciation
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The physical appearance and structure of an organism. | Morphology |
| A system of naming species using two terms: the genus and the specific epithet. | Binomial Nomenclature |
| A broader group of related species, always capitalized in binomial nomenclature. | Genus |
| The second term in binomial nomenclature, identifying a particular species within a genus, never capitalized. | Specific Epithet |
| A Swedish naturalist who developed binomial nomenclature and classified numerous species based on morphology. | Carl Linnaeus |
| A hierarchical system for classifying organisms based on similarities in morphology, from domains to species. | Linnaean Classification |
| Defines a species as a group of individuals capable of interbreeding and producing viable, fertile offspring. | Biological Species Concept |
| The transfer of alleles or genes from one population to another through the movement of individuals or gametes. | Gene Flow |
| The random fluctuation of allele frequencies in a population, particularly impactful in small populations. | Genetic Drift |
| The differential survival and reproduction of individuals based on their heritable traits, leading to changes in allele frequencies. | Natural Selection |
| The genetic contribution an individual makes to the next generation, determined by its ability to survive and reproduce. | Fitness |
| One of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome. | Allele |
| A change in the DNA sequence that creates genetic diversity and can lead to the formation of new alleles. | Mutation |
| A thread-like structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes. | Chromosome |
| The number of complete sets of chromosomes in a cell, varying among different organisms and cell types. | Ploidy |
| The complete set of genes or genetic material present in a cell or organism. | Genome |
| The observable physical, developmental, or behavioral traits of an organism, determined by its genotype and influenced by environmental factors. | Phenotype |
| A genetic mutation that has little to no impact on an organism's traits or functions. | Neutral Mutation |
| Study of the timing of seasonal shifts in activity of organisms | Phenology |
| Large geographical area of distinctive plant and animal groups adapted to that environment | Biome |
| Trait that has changed to help an organism survive and reproduce in a particular environment | Adaptation |
| Genetic makeup of an organism | Genotype |
| Form of natural selection that moves a population toward beneficial traits | Directional Selection |
| Form of natural selection that maintains the status quo and selects against extremes | Stabilizing Selection |
| Form of natural selection that selects for extremes and against the average | Disruptive Selection |
| Process of one species becoming two species | Speciation |
| Speciation that occurs when populations are separated by a physical barrier | Allopatric Speciation |
| Speciation that occurs in the same geographic location | Sympatric Speciation |
| Capable of being passed from one generation to the next through genetic transmission | Heritable |
| Distinct form or race of a plant or animal species occupying a particular habitat. | Ecotype |
| Having two different alleles for a particular gene | Heterozygous |
| Having two identical alleles for a specific gene | Homozygous |
| A process in which individuals with certain inherited characteristics are more likely to acquire mates and reproduce | Sexual selection |
| Barriers that prevent interbreeding between populations due to their physical separation. | Geographic isolating mechanisms |
| Barriers that prevent members of different species from producing viable, fertile offspring when they interbreed. | Reproductive isolating mechanisms |
Created by:
cheche.stoddard
Popular Ecology sets