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BIOL1022 CH26

QuestionAnswer
Viral Structure & Shape Protein Sheath or Capsid, single or double stranded nucleic acid, Helical or Isohedral shapes are possible, sometimes both, can also be very very tiny up to a size larger than some prokaryotes in giant viruses.
Host Range Range of targetable hosts available for a virus.
Tissue Tropism Certain viruses are limited to certain tissues they can effect.
RNA Viruses Replicate in host cytoplasm, has a high degree of mutation.
Retroviruses Kind of RNA virus, reverse transcribed into 2 stranded DNA.
DNA Viruses Most double stranded, replicate in nucleus.
Virus Taxonomy Differs greatly from organismal taxonomy, based on varying effects such as viral structure, whether it actually diseases the host, modes of action, etc...
Metagenomics Taking samples from nature and studying genetic sequences found to help with classification.
Bacteriophage Diverse virus that only targets bacteria with a Isohedral head and a Helical body with small appendage like structures.
Lytic Reproductive cycle Virus genome is inserted into cell & begins cloning virus until cell death is caused.
Lysogenic Reproductive cycle Virus injects genome into cell & goes dormant until some trigger causes Lytic cycle to kick in.
Prophage Integrated viral & host genome, sometimes causes changes to the cell itself called Phage Conversion.
Lysogen Cell containing the Prophage
Acute Infections Rapid virus replication with acute effects.
Persistent Infection Can either be latent (having flare ups and dying back down) or Chronic (mild symptoms at first die down but come back in full force down the line).
Antigenic Drift Occurs in viruses such as influenza, minor changes in entrance and exit (HA & NA) proteins causing vaccines to become ineffective.
Antigenic Shift Major changes in HA & NA proteins and often causes pandemics.
Cancer Causing Viruses Extremely rare viruses that mess with cell replication causing defects to not be caught, leading to cancer.
Prions Not viruses, misfolded proteins that cause other proteins to missfold that spread from host to host causing the brain to undergo rapid decay in clumps.
Viroids Also not viruses, naked molecules of circular RNA that interfere with plant growth & development.
Coronaviruses Very flu like but can vary in symptoms are are able to jump from animal host to humans (Zoonotic).
Created by: beaniao
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