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Mendelian Genetics
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Allele | Different forms of genes |
Gene | Offspring inherits these from its parents |
Genetics | Study of the processes and results of inherited traits |
Genotype | Genetic makeup of an organism |
Phenotype | Physical expression of a gene |
Punnett Square | Tool used to indicate all possible genotypic outcomes of a particular cross and calculates genotypic/phenotypic probabilities in offspring |
Monohybrid Cross | Designed to study the inheritance of a single gene (characteristic) |
Chromosome | A piece of DNA that contains some or all of an organisms genes |
Trait | A distict characteristic of an organism |
Dominant | A gene that effectively overrides the other allele. |
Recessive | A gene that is only expressed when an organism has 2 of these alleles present. |
Heterozygous | Gene made up of 2 different alleles - 1 dominant and 1 recessive |
Homozygous | Gene made up of 2 of the same allele - can be 2 dominant or 2 recessive |
Offspring | An organism produced by one or more parents. |
Gamete | Reproductive cells - contains half the total number of chromosomes for an organism |
Dihybrid Cross | Designed to study the inheritance of two genes |