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Biology UNITS 1&2

Review of Cell Organelles

TermDefinition
Prokaryotic Any cell or organism without a membrane-bound nucleus
Eukaryotic Any cell or organism with a membrane-bound nucleus
Nucleus Only in Eukaryotic cells, membrane-bound organelle containing the genetic material for DNA. Found only in Eukaryotic cells.
Cell Wall Structure located outside the plasma membrane in the cells of plants, fungi and bacteria (Prokaryotic)
Cell (plasma) Membrane Partially permeable membrane boundary of a cell separating it from its physical surroundings; the boundary controlling entry and exit to the cell.
Ribosomes organelle containing RNA that is the major site of protein production in cells. Found in Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells.
Cytosol The aqueous (of or containing water) part of the cell
Mitochondria The main site of ATP production for energy (through cellular respiration). Only found in Eukaryotic cells.
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) The transport systems within cells. Rough ER - Protein modification. Smooth ER - Lipid synthesis and storage. Only found in Eukaryotic cells.
Golgi Apparatus Package and export of substances out of the cell. Only found in Eukaryotic cells.
Lysosomes Vesicle filled with digestive enzymes. Breakdown of non-functioning cell organelles and substances.
Cytoskeleton Support and strength for the cell. Only found in Eukaryotic cells.
Centriole Part of the cytoskeleton. Role in cell division. Only found in Eukaryotic cells — animals.
Chloroplasts Converts energy from the Sun using photosynthesis. Only found in Eukaryotic cells.
Vacuole Storage of nutrients and mineral salts, Waste disposal. They appear large and central in plant cells. Only found in Eukaryotic cells - plant.
Types of Eukaryotic cells: Animal, Fungi, Human cells.
Types of Prokaryotic cells: Archaea and bacteria.
Phospholipids a barrier to protect the cell against various environmental insults
Hydrophobic Substances that tend to be insoluble in water; also non-polar
Hydrophilic Substances that dissolve easily in water; also called polar
Passive transport Does not require energy
Simple diffusion Is the movement of solutes across the phospholipid bilayer from a region of higher concentration to one of lower concentration. Does not require energy
Facilitated diffusion Is so named because the diffusion across the membrane is enabled or facilitated by special protein transporters in the plasma membrane. Does not require energy.
Osmosis is the net movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from a solution of lesser solute concentration to one of greater solute concentration. Does not require energy.
Isotonic having an equal solute concentration to that of the cell contents
Hypotonic having a lower solute concentration than the cell contents. OUT cell
Hypertonic having a higher solute concentration than the cell contents. IN cell
Active transport Is the process of moving substances from a region of low concentration to a region of high concentration of those substances. Does require energy. Involves pump.
Pumps Special transport proteins embedded across the plasma membrane that carry out the process of active transport
Bulk transport Solid material - Phagocytosis. Fluid material - Pinocytosis
Endocytosis Bulk transport of material into the cell
Exocytosis Movement of material out of the cells via vesicles in the cytoplasm
Cytoplasm The liquid that fills the inside of a cell.
Created by: hannah29
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