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evolution
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| adaptation | A special body part or behavior that helps a living thing survive in an environment. |
| adaptive radiation | It is when one species rapidly gives rise to many new species. |
| analogous structures | Body structures that are functionally similar in different species, but evolved independently. An example would be a bird's wings and a fly's wings. |
| cladogram | A diagram that shows relationships between species. |
| convergent evolution | Two organisms look in a very similar way, even though they are not closely related. |
| evolution | It is the change in populations of organisms over time--not change in the individual organisms, but change in the population of organisms. |
| extinct | The permanent disappearance or elimination of a species. |
| gene | a unit of inheritance; it is the directions for making a protein |
| homologous structures | These are similar physical features in organisms that share a common ancestor, but the features serve completely different functions. An example would be human arms (grasping objects), cat legs (walking), whale fins (swimming) and bat wings (flying). |
| mutation | a change in an organism's DNA |
| natural selection | It is a mechanism of evolution. Organisms that are more adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and pass on the genes that aided their success. This process causes species to change and diverge over time. |
| phylogenetic tree | A diagram that shows evolutionary relationships between species. |
| sexual selection | It is a kind of natural selection in which members of one sex (like the female birds of paradise) choose mates of the other sex (like the male birds of paradise) to mate with. |
| speciation | It is how a new kind of plant or animal species is created; it occurs when a group within a species separates from other members of its species and develops its own unique characteristics. |
| species | A group of similar organisms that are able to reproduce. |
| trait | A physical characteristic, like your hair or eye color. |
| vestigial structures | Body structures that have no apparent function and appear to be residual parts from a past ancestor. |
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