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Dogfish Shark
CVA Week 5??
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| extensor | helps increase the angle/straighten limb |
| flexor | helps decrease angle |
| abductor | moves muscle away from body |
| adductor | moves muscle towards body |
| levator | helps raise superiorly (ex: jaws) |
| depressor | helps close or lower a muscle, such as in jaws |
| protractor | to extend or protrude a point (ex: shark mouth) |
| retractor | to draw back |
| rotator | allows an appendage to rotate around an axis |
| constrictor | generates force and movement, constricts an area |
| antagonist | muscle with the opposite action of a prime mover |
| synergistic | synergists assist agonists, help the muscle move |
| pectoral fins | fins located on the side of the fish close to the front |
| pelvic fins | fins found in pelvic area |
| countershading pattern | helps sharks appear less 3d, makes them invisible to other organisms when looking above and below |
| dorsal fins | fin along the back |
| anterior spines | located infront of dorsal fin, often has poision, helps against predation |
| heterocercal tail | caudal fin |
| bares | where the shark breathes |
| olfactory sac | processes input from the nares |
| lateral line | helps sense pressure |
| ampullae of lorenzini | assist in electroreception, helps them find prey |
| gill slits | where the fish exhales water |
| spiracle (modified gill slit) | helps fish intake water to help flush through their gills |
| cloaca | urine, defication, sex |
| urinary papilla | assists in fertilization |
| myomeres | groups of muscle |
| myoscepta | seprates muscle |
| linea alba | seperates muscles running ventrally on an organism (think abs) |
| ventral longitudinal bundles | hypaxial muscle |
| central constrictors | superficial branchial muscles, compresses gill pouches |
| intermandibularis | superficial branchial muscles, raises floor of mouth |
| coracomandibularis | hybobranchial musculature, opens mouth |
| coracohyoid | hypobranchial musculature, opens mouth |
| common coracoarcual | hypobranchial musculature, opens mouth, big strip on the ventral side |
| flexors | fin musculature, to help depress various fins |
| meckel's cartilage | acts as a jaw support during early development, and a template for the later forming jaw bones. |
| nasal capsule | assists in the sense of smell |
| horizontal septum | similar to myomere |
| lateral longitudinal bundles | hypaxial muscle |
| dorsal longitudinal bundles | hypaxial muscles |
| levator hyomandibulae | superficial branchial muscles, helps compress gill pouches |
| dorsal constrictors | muscles associated with the dorsal section of the gill arches |
| extensors | fin musculature that helps elevate pectoral fin |
| adductor mandibulae | fish nugget, closes mouth, superficial branchial muscles |
| levator palatoquadrati | raises upper jaw |
| spiracularis | elevates palatoquadrate |
| cucularis | small triangle above gills, moves fin forward |
| coracomandibular (e) | fascia of common coracuals, meckels cartilage, opens mouth |
| cucularis (e) | dorsal longitudinal bundle fascia, scapular process, elevates gill arches and pectoral girdle |
| intermandibularis (e) | meckel's cartilage, midventral raphe, raises floor of mouth |
| levator palatoquadrati (e) | otic capsule, palatoquadrate cartilage, raises upper jaw |
Created by:
emma.boc
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