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water cycle

topic 5

QuestionAnswer
what percentage of water is oceans oceans take up 97% of total water
percentage of fresh water only 1% of water is fresh water
the water cycle system the water cycle is a closed system meaning no extra water is added or taken away, however drainage basins are a open system
hydrology in polar areas rapid runoff in spring, 85% of sunlight is reflected, permafrost is impermeable, in summer there's an increased co2 being released, orographic and cyclonic rainfall
hydrology in tropical rainforests there's limited infiltration, slow lag time, high discharge, conventical rainfall, deforestation leads to reduced evapotranspiration
resistance time the average amount of time water spends in a reservoir
ITCZ intertropical convergence zone- the band of low pressure between the Hadley cell between the northern and southern hemisphere
global atmospheric circulation there 3 types of cells Hadley which is nearest to the equator, then the feral cell and finally the polar cell
drainage basin the area around a rive which is drained by the river and its tributaries
watershed the area around a drainage basin
explain the water cycle percolation, throughflow, evaporation, transpiration, evaporation evapotranspiration, condensation, precipitation, surface runoff, infiltration, water table, river discharge
types of rainfall orthographic, conventual, cyclonic
factors effecting the rainfall seasonality eg monsoon season, latitude eg low and high pressure
fluxes and flows within drainage basins interception, interception, surface runoff, throughflow, percolation, groundwater flow
outputs of a drainage basin evaporation, transpiration, evapotranspiration
stores of a drainage basin river channel, soil water, ground water, interception, water table, antecedent conditions and surface storage
physical factors affecting a drainage basin meteorological factors, soil composition, basin size and shape, relief, and vegetation
atherogenic factors affecting drainage basin deforestation, afforestation, dam construction, urbanisation, change in land use
river regimes the changes in the rivers discharge over the course of a year
water budget equation Precipitation = Discharge + Evaporation ± changes in stores
define flood hydrograph it is how a drainage basin responses to rainfall eg lag time and infiltration rates
Created by: hannahLw08
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