| Question | Answer |
| atherogenic factors affecting drainage basin | deforestation, afforestation, dam construction, urbanisation, change in land use |
| watershed | the area around a drainage basin |
| explain the water cycle | percolation, throughflow, evaporation, transpiration, evaporation
evapotranspiration, condensation, precipitation, surface runoff, infiltration, water table, river discharge |
| the water cycle system | the water cycle is a closed system meaning no extra water is added or taken away, however drainage basins are a open system |
| what percentage of water is oceans | oceans take up 97% of total water |
| resistance time | the average amount of time water spends in a reservoir |
| water budget equation | Precipitation = Discharge + Evaporation ± changes in stores |
| hydrology in polar areas | rapid runoff in spring, 85% of sunlight is reflected, permafrost is impermeable, in summer there's an increased co2 being released, orographic and cyclonic rainfall |
| global atmospheric circulation | there 3 types of cells Hadley which is nearest to the equator, then the feral cell and finally the polar cell |
| percentage of fresh water | only 1% of water is fresh water |
| ITCZ | intertropical convergence zone- the band of low pressure between the Hadley cell between the northern and southern hemisphere |
| river regimes | the changes in the rivers discharge over the course of a year |
| outputs of a drainage basin | evaporation, transpiration, evapotranspiration |
| drainage basin | the area around a rive which is drained by the river and its tributaries |
| hydrology in tropical rainforests | there's limited infiltration, slow lag time, high discharge, conventical rainfall, deforestation leads to reduced evapotranspiration |
| define flood hydrograph | it is how a drainage basin responses to rainfall eg lag time and infiltration rates |
| types of rainfall | orthographic, conventual, cyclonic |
| factors effecting the rainfall | seasonality eg monsoon season, latitude eg low and high pressure |
| stores of a drainage basin | river channel, soil water, ground water, interception, water table, antecedent conditions and surface storage |
| physical factors affecting a drainage basin | meteorological factors, soil composition, basin size and shape, relief, and vegetation |
| fluxes and flows within drainage basins | interception, interception, surface runoff, throughflow, percolation, groundwater flow |
