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In the case of the Lake Victoria cichlids, sympatric speciation has been shown to be driven by __________.
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A horse and a donkey can reproduce successfully, producing a mule. However, the mule is sterile. This is an example of a
__________ barrier called __________.
__________ barrier called __________.
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BSC2011
Chapter 24- The Origin of Species
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| In the case of the Lake Victoria cichlids, sympatric speciation has been shown to be driven by __________. | Sexual selection |
| A horse and a donkey can reproduce successfully, producing a mule. However, the mule is sterile. This is an example of a __________ barrier called __________. | postzygotic; reduced hybrid fertility |
| Two different species of frogs mate successfully and produce fertile hybrid offspring. However, the offspring of the hybrids do not develop completely to adulthood. This is an example of which type of reproductive barrier? | hybrid breakdown |
| According to the punctuated equilibrium model of evolution, __________. | the tempo of evolution consists of abrupt episodes of speciation among long periods of equilibrium |
| Which of the following reproductive barriers actually prevents individuals of closely related species from copulating successfully? | mechanical isolation |
| Which of the following evolutionary mechanisms does not contribute to the process of allopatric speciation? | gene flow |
| In which of the following groups has sympatric speciation been most important? | plants |
| What is the first thing that must happen in order for speciation to occur? | Gene flow between populations must be interrupted. |
| At which point in the adaptation of a population is it clear that speciation has occurred? | Gene pool changes establish reproductive barriers between two populations. |
| Which of the following statements correctly describe one aspect of the punctuated model of evolution? | Species tend to change rapidly in a short period of time. |
| There are two groups of pine tress that appear to be very similar phenotypically and genotypically. However, one releases pollen in January, when the female structures of that group receptive, and one in March. What kind of reproductive barrier is this? | Temporal isolation |
| A new species of plant evolved by allopolyploidy from two species of plant that are 2n=6 and 2n=12. What would the diploid number of chromosomes be in this new species? | 18 |
| When gene flow between two populations ceases, the potential for _______ exists. | speciation |
| The behavior of a male blue-footed boobie during the courtship ritual elicits no response from the masked boobie. The reproductive barrier between them is an example of _______________. | behavioral isloation |
| Reproductive isolation is necessary for _____________ to occur. | speciation |
| Sympatric speciation typically occurs by all of the following mechanisms except _____________________. | a geographic barrier splitting a population |
| The evolution of multiple species of snapping shrimp following the formation of the isthmus of panama is an example of ________________________. | allopatric speciation |
| The time interval between speciation events ____________________. | vary widely and depend on generation times, causes of speciation, environmental factors, and chance |
| Postzygotic barriers ________________________. | contribute to reproductive isolation after a hybrid zygote has been formed |
| A new species of plant arises as an allopolyploid from two other plants, one with a diploid number of 14 and one with a diploid number of 18. What would the diploid number of the new species most likely be? | 32 |
| The morphological species concept distinguishes species by ________________________. | body shape and other structural features |
| Three species of a sea stars all mate near the same reef by secreting their gametes into the water, but none of the gametes from the different species fertilize each other. This is an example of a _____________ barrier called ____________. | prezygotic; gametic isolation |
| How many genes must change in order to form a new species? | There is no set number of genes or loci that produces a new species. Genetic and environmental factors interact. |
| A hybrid zone is defined as _______________. | a region in which members of different species meet and mate, producing at least some offspring of mixed ancestry |
| Prezygotic barriers _____________. | prevent fertilization of gametes from members of closely related species |
| Which of the following is an example of a postzygotic reproductive barrier? | Two fruit flies of different species produce sterile offspring |
| A new species of plant is discovered that closely resembles a known species. Upon further examination, it is discovered that the new species has a tetraploid number of 4n = 12, while the known species has a diploid number of 2n = 6. Which of the followi | An error in cell division occurred in the known species, leading to the development of an autopolyploid tetraploid offspring that evolved into the new species. |
| According to the __________, a species is a group of populations whose members have the potential to interbreed in nature and produce viable, fertile offspring—but do not produce viable, fertile offspring with members of other such groups. | biological species concept |
| Imagine that part of a population of South American finches is blown by a storm onto an island far offshore and manages to survive and reproduce there for a period of 10,000 years. After that period, a climate change results in lower sea levels and the | Individuals from the different populations sometimes mate with each other, but all of the resulting eggs are sterile. |
| Biological | not applicable for extinct species |
| morphological | relies on similarities in structure |
| phylogenetic | based on evolutionary history |
| morphological and phylogenetic | accommodates asexual reproduction species acceptance criteria can be subjective |
| prezygotic barriers | behavioral isolation- beetle mating displays show different spot patterns mechanical isolation- flowers accommodate different insect pollinators habitat isolation- two fish species spawn at different depths temporal isolation- birds are active during d |
| postzygotic barriers | reduced hybrid fertility- offspring of two newts are sterile reduced hybrid viability- lion-tiger hybrid don't reach maturity |
| What is the most important factor that holds a gene pool of a species together and prevents speciation? | gene flow |
| Two animals are considered members of different species if they _____. | cannot mate and produce viable, fertile offspring |
| What is genetic drift? | A change in allele frequencies caused by random events |
| Why are the large finches now living on the Galápagos Islands different from the original source population from a nearby island? | Genetic drift occurred in the two populations. The separation of habitats reduced gene flow between the populations. Natural selection favored individuals that were more fit in the new environment. |
| True or false? The last ice age produced many different species mainly because populations dispersed and colonized new habitats. | False |
| Which of the following statements about reinforcement is true? | Reinforcement is a type of natural selection. |
| A subset of a population of birds leaves its habitat on the mainland and colonizes a nearby island. The birds, after a period of time, become reproductively isolated. The island sinks and the population of birds that lived on the island returns to itsorig | The populations will not be able to interbreed because they are different species. |
| A population of birds colonizes an area in which the insects upon which they feed live inside trees. Which of the following events accounts for an observed increase in average beak size in the bird population over time? | Increased fitness of large-beaked birds, leading to natural selection |
| True or false? A flood that separates a population of frogs onto opposite sides of a lake is an example of a vicariance event that may result in allopatric speciation. | True |
| Gametes from two plant species combine and produce a haploid zygote, and that zygote develops into a haploid, hybrid plant. Why is the hybrid plant sterile? | Meiosis cannot occur. The cells do not contain homologous chromosomes. |
| The sequence of events illustrated in this figure results in a fertile hybrid plant called an allopolyploid. Which of the following statements is the most complete description of an allopolyploid? | It contains more than two sets of chromosomes, which are derived from two species. |
| Plant species F has a diploid number of 8. Plant species G has a diploid number of 10. What would be the diploid number of an allopolyploid hybrid of species F and species G? | 18 |
| What role does nondisjunction play in the formation of a fertile allopolyploid hybrid? | It doubles the chromosome number in the hybrid. |
| Hybrid zones provide an opportunity to investigate _____. | the evolution of reproductive isolation |
| A certain species of salamander was split into two populations by a wide, dry valley, and the populations began to diverge from each other. After a period of time, some members of the two populations began to interbreed in a hybrid zone at the southern en | fusion |
| Feathers either play a role, or may have played a role, in _____. | courtship gliding extended hops flight |
| _____ is rapid speciation under conditions in which there is little competition. | adaptive radiaton |
| Mass extinctions create conditions that promote _____. | adaptive radiation |
| The appearance of an evolutionary novelty promotes _____. | adaptive radiation |
| The different finch species found on the Galápagos Islands probably arose as a result of _____. | adaptive radiation |
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