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Behavioural Ecology

Behavioural basics

QuestionAnswer
Evolution by natural selection - phenotypic variation in a population (assisted by mutations) - variation must be heritable - survival/reproduction success must be influenced by phenotypes - competition results in wins and losses - successful individuals continue good phenotypes
ie. Beak evolution Behavioural evolution = evolution
Behavioural basics - how does it work? 1. sense organ 2. neuronal/hormonal response 3. muscle
Sense organs Gathers information about the physical, chemical and biological environment - hierarchal complexity
Nerves - nervous system transmission/information storage
Hormones and sexual behaviour ie. female rats - how estrogen can influence sexual behaviour/aggressive behaviour - high estrogen shows high sexual behaviour - low estrogen shows more aggressive behaviour
Muscles - enact a response from a stimulus - allow physical locomotion (predation)
Behavioural hierarchical complexity Simple behaviour - reflexes Stereotypical and automatic unit of behaviour Simple stimulus and neural pathway Form is constant, consistent and usually momentary
More complex behaviour – Fixed action patterns Innate and stereotypical behaviour/ repertoire More complicated neural control and stimuli More prone to vary in relation to context and habituation ie. moths/bats
Behavioural hierarchical complexity Frequency / intensity of fixed action patterns can vary due to internal and external factors = Response to feedback
Fixed action patterns Fixed action patterns can link up, each as an interacting stimulus to generate a stereotypical series of even more complex behaviour
Behaviour is sophisticated and variable but… Derives from simple fundamental structures: sense-nerve-muscle Systems can be built from simple reflexes to hierarchically complex interacting behaviour
Asking questions Tinbergen's 4 questions - causation - development - evolution - function
Asking questions causation/physiology causation/genetics development/neuronal evolution/genetic functional adaptiveness
Proximate questions descriptions & explanations based on immediate cause and mechanism (stimuli, genetics, hormones, experience)
Ultimate questions explanations based on survival/reproduction value or functions in nature
Examples of ultimate evolutionary questions What is the adaptive significance of a particular behaviour or trait? What is the fitness value of that behaviour?
Created by: rose.coo
Popular Ecology sets

 

 



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