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info 3.4

potential questions for 3.4

QuestionAnswer
cells full complement of proteins. proteome
a functional segment of DNA that provides the genetic information necessary to build a protein. gene
which transforms the information coded in a gene to a final gene product, ultimately dictates the structure and function of a cell by determining which proteins are made. Gene expression
are polymers, or chains, of many amino acid building blocks. proteins
a section of three DNA bases in a row that codes for a specific amino acid. triplet
single-stranded nucleic acid that carries a copy of the genetic code for a single gene out of the nucleus and into the cytoplasm where it is used to produce proteins. messenger RNA (mRNA)
which is the synthesis of a strand of mRNA that is complementary to the gene of interest. transcription
a three-base sequence of mRNA, so-called because they directly encode amino acids. codon
—a particular sequence of nucleotides promoter
enzyme that adds new nucleotides to a growing strand of RNA. RNA polymerase
removes non-coding regions from the pre-mRNA transcript splicing
—a structure composed of various proteins and other molecules/attaches to the mRNA and “splices” or cuts out the non-coding regions. spliceosome
removed segment of the transcript intron
a segment of RNA that remains after splicing. exon
the process of synthesizing a chain of amino acids called a polypeptide Translation
The substrate on which translation takes place is the ribosome.
a type of RNA that, together with proteins, composes the structure of the ribosome. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
a type of RNA that ferries the appropriate corresponding amino acids to the ribosome, and attaches each new amino acid to the last, building the polypeptide chain one-by-one. Transfer RNA (tRNA)
This sequence of three bases on the tRNA molecule is called an anticodon
a string of ribosomes translating a single mRNA strand. polyribosome
Created by: Kivy
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