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COS 113 Vocab
Vocabulary for chapters 11, 20, 12, and 13
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is an autoimmune disorder that causes the affected hair follicles to be mistakenly attacked by a person’s own immune system and typically begins with one or more small, round, smooth bald patches on the scalp? | Alopecia areata |
| What is the total loss of scalp hair known as? | Alopecia totalis |
| What is a complete loss of body hair known as? | Alopecia universalis |
| What are units joined together end-to-end by strong, chemical peptide bonds (end bonds) to form polypeptide chains that compose proteins called? | Amino acids |
| What is the phase in which new hair is produced? | Anagen phase |
| What is another term for the “anagen phase?” | Growth phase |
| What is abnormal hair loss known as? | Alopecia |
| What is hair loss that is characterized by miniaturization of terminal hair that is converted to vellus hair, and is typically referred to as “male pattern baldness” in men? | Androgenic alopecia |
| What are the small involuntary muscles in the base of the hair follicle known as? | Arrector pili muscles |
| What is the technical term for grey hair which typically is caused from the loss of the hair’s natural melanin pigment? | Canities |
| What is inflammation of the subcutaneous tissue caused by staphylococci that appears similar to furuncle but is larger known as? | Carbuncle |
| What serves as the signal for the end of the hair's growth phase, and is the brief transitional period between the growth and resting phases of a hair follicle? | Catagen phase |
| What are the five elements that make up human hair, skin, tissue, and nails collectively referred to as? | COHNS elements |
| What are the five elements that make up human hair, skin, tissue, and nails? | Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sulfur |
| What is the middle layer of the hair that contains a fibrous protein core formed by elongated cells and melanin pigment known as? | Cortex |
| What is a tuft of hair that stands straight up known as? | Cowlick |
| What is an amino acid with a sulfur atom that joins together two peptide strands called? | Cysteine |
| What is an amino acid formed with two cysteine amino acids (with a singular sulfur) that are joined together by their sulfur groups (disulfide bond)? | Cystine |
| What is a small, cone-shaped elevation located at the base of the hair follicle that fits into the hair bulb? | Dermal papilla |
| What is a strong chemical side bond that joins the sulfur atoms of two neighboring cysteine amino acids to create one cystine, which joins together two polypeptide strands together known as? | Disulfide bond |
| What provides dark brown to black color to the hair and is the dark pigment predominant in black and brunette hair? | Eumelanin |
| What is the technical term for brittle hair? | Fragilitas crinium |
| What is another term for a boil, or an acute, localized bacterial infection of the hair follicle that produces constant pain? | Furuncle |
| What is the lowest part of the hair strand, or the thickened, club-shaped structure that forms the lower part of the hair root called? | Hair bulb |
| What is the outermost layer of hair that is made up of single, overlapping, scale-like cells known as? | Hair cuticle |
| What is the number of individual hair strands on one square inch of scalp known as? | Density |
| What is the hair's ability to stretch and return to its original length without breaking known as? | Elasticity |
| What is the tube-like depression or pocket in the skin or scalp that contains the hair root called? | Hair follicle |
| What is the hair's ability to absorb moisture known as? | Hair porosity |
| What is the part of the hair that is located below the surface of the epidermis called? | Hair root |
| What is the portion of the hair that projects above the epidermis called? | Hair shaft |
| What is hair that flows in the same direction, resulting from follicles sloping in the same direction known as? | Hair stream |
| What is the thickness or diameter of the individual hair strand known as? | Hair texture |
| What is the spiral shape of a coiled protein created by polypeptide chains that intertwine with each other called? | Helix |
| What is a weak, physical, cross-link side bond that is easily broken by water or heat known as? | Hydrogen bond |
| What is the term for something that easily absorbs moisture and is capable with combining or attracting water? | Hydrophillic |
| What is the term for something naturally resistant to being penetrated by moisture? | Hydrophobic |
| What is a condition of abnormal growth of hair that is characterized by the growth of terminal hair in areas of the body that normal produce only vellus hair known as? | Hypertrichosis |
| What is another term for "hypertrichosis?" | Hirsuties |
| What is a fibrous protein that grows from cells originating within the hair follicle called? | Keratin |
| What is a process by which newly formed cells in the hair bulb mature, fill with keratin, move upward, lose their nucleus, and die called? | Keratinization |
| What are bonds created when disulfide bonds are broken by hydroxide chemical hair relaxers after the relaxer is rinsed from the hair? | Lanthionine bonds |
| What is a naturally occurring fungus that is present on all human skin, but is responsible for dandruff when it grows out of control? | Malassezia |
| What is the innermost layer of hair that is composed of round cells and is often absent in fine or naturally blonde hair called? | Medulla |
| What are tiny grains of pigment in the cortex that give natural color to the hair known as? | Melanin |
| What is the technical term for beaded hair? | Monilethrix |
| What is an infection of the hair and scalp with head lice known as? | Pediculosis capitis |
| What is a chemical bond that joins amino acids to each other, end-to-end, to form a polypeptide chain known as? | Peptide bond |
| What's another term for a "peptide bond?" | End bond |
| What is the lighter pigment that provides natural colors ranging from red and ginger to yellow and blonde tones known as? | Pheomelanin |
| What is the technical term for dandruff, a condition characterized by excessive production and accumulation of skin cells? | Pityriasis |
| What is the technical term for classic dandruff, a condition characterized by scalp irritation, large flakes, and an itchy scalp? | Pityriasis capitis simplex |
| What is a severe case of dandruff characterized by an accumulation of greasy or waxy scales mixed with sebum that stick to the scalp in crusts known as? | Pityriasis steatoides |
| What is a long chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds called? | Polypeptide chain |
| What is temporary hair loss experienced towards the end and after a pregnancy known as? | Postpartum alopecia |
| What are long, coiled complex polypeptides made up of amino acids called? | Proteins |
| What is a variety of canities characterized by alternating bands of grey and pigmented hair throughout the length of the hair strand called? | Ringed hair |
| What is a weak, physical, cross-link side bond between adjacent polypeptide chains called? | Salt bond |
| What are dry, sulfur-yellow, cuplike crusts on the scalp seen in conditions such as tinea favosa known as? | Scatula |
| What are the oil glands in the skin that are connected to the hair follicles called? | Sebaceous glands |
| What is the fatty or oily substance secreted by the sebaceous glands that lubricates the skin called? | Sebum |
| What are bonds that cross-link the polypeptide chains together and are responsible for the extreme strength and elasticity of human hair? | Side bonds |
| What is the final phase in the hair cycle that lasts until the fully grown hair is shed? | Telogen phase |
| What is another term for the "telogen phase?' | Resting phase |
| What is long, coarse, pigmented hair found on the scalp, legs, arms, and bodies of males and females known as? | Terminal hair |
| What is the technical term for ringworm, a contagious condition caused by fungal infection and not a parasite, which is characterized by itching, scales, and sometimes, painful lesions?? | Tinea |
| What is a fungal infection characterized by scutula called? | Tinea favosa |
| What is a scientific study of hair and its diseases and care? | Trichology |
| What is the technical term for split ends? | Trichoptilosis |
| What is the technical term for knotted hair, which is characterized by brittleness and the formation of nodular swellings along the hair shaft? | Trichorrhexis nodosa |
| What is short, fine, unpigmented, and downy hair that appears on the body, with the exception of the palms of the hands and soles of the feet known as? | Vellus hair |
| What is shape of the hair strands known as? | Wave pattern |
| How are wave patterns categorized? | Straight, wavy, curly, or extremely curly |
| What is hair that forms in a circular pattern on the crown of the head known as? | Whorl |
| What are hair services that cause chemical changes within the hair’s natural wave/curl pattern? | Chemical texture services |
| What chemical texture service adds wave or curl to the hair? | Permanent waving |
| What are the three types of chemical texture services offered in salons? | Permanent waving, relaxing, and curl reforming |
| What chemical texture service removes curl to leave hair smooth and straight? | Relaxer |
| What chemical texture loosens overly tight curls or coils into loose curls or waves? | Curl reformer |
| What is a colorless liquid with a strong, unpleasant odor that is the most common reducing agent used in permanent waving solutions known as? | Thioglycolic acid |
| What new chemical is created when ammonium is added to thioglycolic acid? | Ammonium thioglycolate |
| What is the active ingredient or reducing agent within alkaline permanent waving solutions? | Ammonium thioglycolate (ATG) |
| What is the pH of alkaline waves? | 9.0-9.6 |
| What is another term for “alkaline waves?” | Cold waves |
| What is the pH of exothermic waves? | 9.0-9.6 |
| What is the pH of true acid waves? | 4.5-7.0 |
| What is the pH of acid-balanced waves? | 7.8-8.2 |
| What is the pH of ammonia-free waves? | 7.0-9.6 |
| What is the pH of thio-free waves? | 7.0-9.6 |
| What is the pH of low-pH waves? | 6.5-7.0 |
| What is the active ingredient in alkaline waves? | Ammonium thioglycolate |
| What is the active ingredient in an exothermic wave? | Ammonium thioglycolate |
| What is the active ingredient in a true acid wave? | Glyceryl monothioglycolate |
| What is the active ingredient in an acid-balanced wave? | Glycerol monothioglycolate |
| What is the active ingredient in an ammonia-free wave? | Monoethanolamine (MEA) or aminoethylpropanol (AMP) |
| What is the active ingredient in a thio-free wave? | Mercaptamine or cysteamine |
| What is the active ingredient in low-pH waves? | Ammonium sulfite or ammonium bisulfite |
| Alkaline, acid-balanced, ammonia-free, and thio-free all process how? | Room temperature |
| What permanent wave processes exothermically? | Exothermic wave |
| What permanent waves process endothermically? | True acid and low-pH waves |
| What is curly hair on the scalp and straight hair on the ends an example of? | Over-processed hair |
| What is straight hair on the scalp and curly hair on the ends an example of? | Under-processed hair |
| What stops the action of the waving solution and rebuilds the hair’s disulfide bonds to form the new curl pattern? | Thio neutralization |
| What is the most common neutralizer? | Hydrogen peroxide |
| How does thio neutralization rebuild the disulfide bonds broken by the permanent waving solution? | By removing the hydrogen atoms |
| What is the most common type of perm rod that has a small diameter in the center but an increasingly larger diameter along the ends known as? | Concave rod |
| What rods are equal in diameter along the entire length of the rod and produce a uniform curl? | Straight rods |
| What rods are usually about 12 inches long with a uniform diameter and bend along the length due to a wire being inside the rod? | Soft bender rods |
| What type of rod is about 12 inches long with a uniform diameter that attaches at the ends to create a circle? | Loop rods |
| What are thin, absorbent papers used to control the ends of the hair when wrapping and winding the hair on the perm rods called? | End papers |
| What perm wrap involves the end paper “sandwiching” the hair strand on the top and bottom? | Double-flat wrap |
| What perm wrap involves only one end paper that is placed on top of the hair strand? | Single-flat wrap |
| What perm wrap involves folding one end paper in half to “sandwich” the hair in between it? | Bookend wrap |
| What are the subsections of panels into which the hair is divided for perm wrapping known as? | Base sections |
| What refers to the position of the rod in relation to its base section? | Base placement |
| What base placement involves the hair being wrapped 45-degrees beyond perpendicular to the base section to create high volume at the scalp but also produce additional stress and tension on the hair? | On-base placement |
| What base placement involves wrapping the hair at a 90-degree angle perpendicular to the base section that minimizes stress and tension while still providing volume? | Half-off base placement |
| What base placement involves wrapping the hair at a 45-degree angle below the center of the base section, providing no volume for the curl? | Off-base placement |
| What refers to the angel at which the rod is positioned on the head? | Base direction |
| What are the three base directions? | Horizontal, vertical, diagonal |
| What are the two basic techniques of perm wraps? | Croquignole and spiral |
| What perm wrap style is wrapped from the ends to the scalp in overlapping concentric layers? | Croquignole |
| What perm wrap style is wrapped at an angle other than perpendicular tot he length of the rod, causing hte hair to spiral along the length of the rod instead? | Spiral |
| What perm wrap style is wrapped on one rod from scalp to mid shaft, then a second rod from mid-shaft to ends? | Double-rod |
| What is another term for the “double-rod wrap?” | Piggyback wrap |
| What perm wrap style involves all rods within the panel in the same direction with equal sized bases (horizontal)? | Basic permanent wave (straight set wrap) |
| What is the position of the tool in relation to its base section that is determined by the angle at which the hair is wrapped known as? | Base control |
| What type of perm wrap involves the partings and bases radiating throughout the head to follow its curvature? | Curvature permanent wrap |
| What type of perm wrap involves offsetting sections to prevent noticeable splits? | Bricklay permanent wrap |
| What technique uses zigzag partings to divide the base areas up? | Weave |
| What should be recommended to clients who want perms but don’t want their entire head curled? | Partial perms |
| What is the process of rearranging the structure of curly hair into straighter/smoother hair known as? | Chemical hair relaxing |
| What are the thinnest and weakest sections of curly hair strands? | Twists |
| What chemical service uses the same ammonium thioglycolate that is used in permanent waving, but at a higher concentration and higher pH to help remove the curl from extremely curly hair? | Thio relaxer |
| What is the measurement of the thickness or thinness of a liquid that affects how it flows called? | Viscosity |
| What method of relaxing hair utilizes a flat iron? | Japanese thermal straightening |
| What is the active ingredient in all hydroxide relaxers? | Hydroxide ion |
| What are very strong alkalis with pHs over 13 known as? | Hydroxide relaxers |
| What are hydroxide relaxers not compatible with? | Permanent waving or soft curl perms |
| What is the process by which hydroxide relaxers permanently straighten the hair by removing sulfur atoms from the disulfide bonds to convert them into lanthionine bonds? | Lanthionization |
| What chemical service is ABSOLUTELY permanent? | Hydroxide relaxers |
| What type of relaxers are ionic compounds formed by a metal which is then combined with oxygen and hydrogen? | Metal hydroxide relaxers |
| What hydroxide relaxer is often marketed as a “lye relaxer?” | Sodium |
| What are the three types of hydroxide relaxers? | Sodium, potassium, and lithium |
| What is the pH of a sodium hydroxide relaxer? | 12.5-13.5 |
| What is the pH of a lithium hydroxide relaxer? | 12.5-13.5 |
| What is the pH of a potassium hydroxide relaxer? | 12.5-13.5 |
| What is the pH of a guanidine hydroxide relaxer? | 13-13.5 |
| What is the pH of an ammonium thioglycolate relaxer? | 9.6-10 |
| What is the pH of an ammonium sulfite/bisulfite relaxer? | 6.5-8.5 |
| What is an oily cream used to protect the skin and scalp during hair relaxing? | Base cream |
| What type of relaxers require the application of a protective base cream to the entire scalp prior to the application of the relaxer? | Base relaxers |
| What type of relaxers do not require the application of a protective base cream, but instead contain a protective base cream that is designed to melt at body temperature? | No-base relaxers |
| What three strengths do relaxers come in? | Mild, regular, and super |
| What is an acid-alkali neutralization that neutralizes the alkaline residues left in the hair by a hydroxide relaxer and lowers the pH of the hair and scalp known as? | Hydroxide neutralization |
| Do hydroxide neutralizers utilize oxidation or rebuilding of disulfide bonds like thio neutralizers do? | No |
| What are conditioners with an acidic pH that restore teh hair’s pH before the final euthanizing shampoos called? | Normalizing lotion |
| Do keratin treatments break bonds or straighten hair? | No |
| What is a thio-based chemical service that reformats curly and wavy hair into looser and larger curls/waves known as? | Soft curl permanent |
| What is a solution with a pH below 7 considered? | Acidic |
| What is a solution with a pH above 7 considered? | Alkaline |
| What are compounds that react with acids to form salts known as? | Alkalis |
| What’s another term for alkalis? | Bases |
| What are alkaline substances used to neutralize acids or raise the pH of many hair products? | Alkanolamines |
| What are acids derived from plants/fruits that are often used to exfoliate the skin known as? | Alpha Hydroxy Acids (AHA) |
| What is a colorless gas with a pungent odor that is composed of hydrogen ad nitrogen called? | Ammonia |
| What is an ion with a negative electrical charge known as? | Anion |
| What are the smallest chemical components (particles) of an element that make them up and share the same properties as their respective element known as? | Atoms |
| What is an ion with a positive charge? | Cation |
| What is a change in the chemical composition or make-up of a substance known as? | Chemical change |
| What are characteristics that can only be determined by a chemical reaction and a chemical change within the substance known a? | Chemical properties |
| What is the science that deals with the composition, structures, and properties of matter and how matter changes under different conditions called? | Chemistry |
| What is the rapid oxidation of a substance accompanied by the production of heat and light known as? | Combustion |
| What are chemical combinations of two or more atoms of different elements in definite (fixed) proportions? | Compound molecules |
| What are subatomic particles with negative charges known as? | Electrons |
| What is the simplest form of chemical matter that cannot be further broken down into a simpler substance without a loss of identity known as? | Element |
| What is a molecule that contains two or more atoms of the same element in definite or fixed proportions called? | Elemental molecule |
| What is an ingredient that brings two normally incompatible materials together and binds them into a uniform and fairly stable blend known as? | Emulsifier |
| What is an unstable physical mixture of two or more immiscible substances and an emulsifier known as? | Emulsion |
| What is a chemical reaction that realizes a significant amount of heat known as? | Exothermic reaction |
| What is a sweet, colorless, oily, substance used as a solvent and moisturizer in skin/body creams? | Glycerin |
| What is an alpha hydroxy acid (AHA) used for exfoliation and the lowering of pH of products? | Glycolic acid |
| What are liquids that are not capable of being mixed together to form stable solutions classified as? | Immiscible |
| What is the study of substances that do not contain the element carbon called? | Inorganic chemistry |
| What is an atom or molecule that carries an electrical charge known as? | Ion |
| What is the separation of an atom or molecule into positive and negative ions known as? | Ionization |
| What term defines something as having an affinity or attraction to fats/oils? | Lipophilic |
| What is a multiple of 10 known as? | Logarithm |
| What is any substance that occupies space and has mass? | Matter |
| What are liquids that are mutually soluble, meaning that they can be mixed together to form stable solutions, classified as? | Miscible |
| What is a chemical combination of two or more atoms in definite or fixed proportions known as? | Molecule |
| What are subatomic particles with no charge called? | Neutrons |
| What is the term for a substance that is oil droplets emulsified in water? | Oil-in-water emulsion (O/W) |
| What is the study of substances that contain carbon known as? | Organic chemistry |
| What is a chemical reaction that combines a substance with oxygen to produce an oxide known as? | Oxidation |
| What is a chemical reaction in which the oxidizing agent is reduced and the reducing agent is oxidized simultaneously known as? | Oxidation-reduction reaction |
| What is another term for an oxidation-reduction reactions? | Redox |
| What is a substance that releases oxygen known as? | Oxidizing agent |
| What is the abbreviation used for potential hydrogen, a measurement of the quantity of hydrogen atoms within a substance? | pH |
| What is a change. In the form or physical properties of a substance without a chemical reaction or creation of any new substance? | Physical change |
| What is a physical combination of matter in any proportions known as? | Physical mixture |
| What are subatomic particles with a positive charge called? | Protons |
| What are chemical combinations of matter in definite or fixed proportions known as? | Pure substances |
| What is a substance that adds hydrogen OR subtracts oxygen from a chemical compound? | Reducing agent |
| What is a special type of oil used in hair conditioners, water-resistant lubricants for the skin, and nail polish dryers known as? | Silicones |
| What is a substances that is dissolved within a solution called? | Solute |
| What is a stable physical mixture of two or more substances known as? | Solution |
| What is a substance that dissolves the solute to make a solution called? | Solvent |
| What are the three different forms of matter? | Solid, liquid, gas |
| What are the three forms of matter known as? | States of matter |
| What are substances that allow oil and a water to mix or emulsify called? | Surfactants |
| What term is the word “surfactants” a contraction of? | Surface active agents |
| What are unstable physical mixtures of undissolved particles in a liquid? | Suspensions |
| What is a colorless liquid or white crystal that has a strong, unpleasant odor and is used in permanent waxing solutions known as? | Thioglycolic acid |
| What are alcohols that evaporate easily classified as? | Volatile alcohols |
| What are compounds that contain carbon and also evaporate easy classified as? | Volatile organic compounds (VOC) |
| What is a substance that includes water droplets emulsified within oil called? | Water-in-oil emulsion (W/O) |
| What is an electrode of an electrotherapy device that is used on the area to be treated called? | Active electrode |
| What is rapid, uninterrupted current that flows in one direction first and then in the opposite direction second, is produced by mechanical means, and changes direction 60 times per second known as? | Alternating current (AC) |
| What is the term for a unit that measures the strength of an electric current? | Ampere (amp) |
| What is the process of infusing an alkaline or negative product into the tissues from the negative pole towards the positive pole known as? | Anaphoresis |
| What is the positive electrode of an electrotherapy device known as? | Anode |
| What color are anodes typically and what letter usually denotes them? | Red/P |
| What is a process of infusing water-soluble products into the skin with the use of an electric current, such as a galvanic machine’s positive and negative poles known as? | Iontophoresis |
| What is 1,000 watts referred to as? | Kilowatt |
| What is a medical device that uses electromagnetic radiation for hair removal and skin treatments known as? | Laser |
| What is “laser” an abbreviation for? | Light Amplification Stimulation Emission of Radiation |
| What is a medical device that reduces acne, increases blood circulation, and improves the collagen content of the skin known as? | Light-emitting diode (LED) |
| What is the application of light rays to the skin for the treatment of wrinkles, capillaries, pigmentation, or hair removal called? | Light therapy |
| What is another term for “light therapy?” | Phototherapy |
| What is an extremely low level of electricity that mirrors the body’s natural electrical impulses known as? | Microcurrent |
| What is 1/1000 of an ampere called? | Milliampere |
| What are currents used in electrical facial/scalp treatments called? | Modalities |
| What is a material that does not transmit electricity known as? | Nonconductor |
| What is another term for “nonconducter?” | Insulator |
| What is the term for a unit that measures the resistance of an electrical current? | Ohm |
| What is a process that turns light from laser devices into heat known as? | Photothermolysis |
| What is a negative or positive pole of an electric current called? | Polaritt |
| What is an apparatus that changes the alternating current to direct current called? | Rectifier |
| What is a thermal or heat-producing current with a high rate of oscillation or vibration that is commonly used for scalp/facial treatment called? | Tesla high-frequency current |
| What is another from for the “Tesla high-frequency current?” | Violet ray |
| What is invisible light that has a short wavelength, high energy, low heat, and low penetration which causes chemical reactions to happen more quickly while also killing germs? | Ultraviolet light (UV) |
| What are other terms for “ultraviolet light?” | Cold light or actinic light |
| What is the part of the electromagnetic spectrum that can be seen with the naked eye known as? | Visible spectrum of light |
| How ugh of natural sunlight is comprised of visible light? | 35% |
| What is the term for the unit that measures the pressure or force that pushes an electric current forward through the conductor? | Volt (voltage) |
| What is the term for the unit that measures how much electric energy is being used per second? | Watt |
| What is the term for the measurement of the distance between two wavelengths? | Waveform |
| What is the term for the distance between successive peaks of electromagnetic waves? | Wavelength |
| What are substances that speed up chemical reactions known as? | Catalysts |
| What is the process of fusing an acidic or positive product into deeper tissues from the positive toward the negative poles of a galvanic device known as? | Cataphoresis |
| What is a negative electrode of an electrotherapy device known as? | Cathode |
| With what color and letter is the cathode typically denoted? | Black/N |
| What is the color component within the skin (blood, melanin, etc.) referred to as? | Chromophore |
| What is a switch that automatically interrupts or shuts off an electric circuit at the first indication of overload called? | Circuit breaker |
| What is the path of negative and positive electric currents moving from the generating source through the conductors and back to the generating source called? | Complete electric circuit |
| What is any material that conducts electricity called? | Conductor |
| What is a form of anaphoresis that softens and emulsifies grease deposits and blackheads within the follicles to help remove them known as? | Desincrustation |
| What is an even-flowing current that travels in one direction and is produced by chemical means known as? | Direct current |
| What is the flow of electricity along a conductor called? | Electric current |
| What is the movement of electrons from one atom to another along a conductor called? | Electricity |
| What is an applicator for directing electric current from an electrotherapy device to the client’s skin called? | Electrode |
| What is another term for an “electrode?” | Probe |
| What device prevents excessive current from passing through a circuit? | Fuse |
| What is the name given to all forms of energy or radiation to exist? | Electromagnetic spectrum |
| What is a constant and direct current that has a positive and negative pole which produces a chemical change when passed through the tissues/fluids of the body called? | Galvanic current |
| What process completes an electric circuit and carries the current away safely? | Groundign |
| What is the opposite pole from the active electrode? | Inactive electrode |
| What form of energy has a long wavelength, deeper penetration, lower energy, and produces more heat? | Infrared light |
| What percent of natural sunlight is made up of infrared light? | 60% |
| What is a medical device that uses multiple colors and wavelengths of focused light to treat spider veins, hyperpigmentation, rosacea, redness, wrinkles, enlarged follicles/pores, and excessive hair known as? | Intense pulse light |
| What is an apparatus that changes direct current into alternating current known as? | Inverter |
| What is the light on either end of the visible spectrum that is invisible to the naked eye? | Invisible light |
| What LED color reduces acne and bacteria? | Blue (570 nm) |
| What LED color increases circulation, improves collagen/elastin production, and stimulates wound healing? | Red (640 nm) |
| What LED color reduces swelling/inflammation, improves lymphatic flow, and detoxifies/increases circulation? | Yellow (590 nm) |
| What LED color reduces hyperpigmentation, redness, and calms and soothes the skin? | Green (525 nm) |
| What type of ultraviolet light has the longest wavelength and penetrates the deepest? | UVA |
| What type of ultraviolet light is often used in tanning beds? | UVA |
| What type of ultraviolet light is most associated with sunburns? | UVB |
| What type of ultraviolet light is blocked by the ozone layer and is the most harmful? | UVC |
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Elyse1901
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