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bioMCAT
biology terms for MCAT
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 5' cap | methylated guanine nucleotide added to 5' end of eukaryotic mRNA; necessary to initiate translation of mRNA |
| A band | band of sarcomere that extends full length of thick filament; overlap region & thick only; does not shorten during muscle contraction |
| accessory glands | male reproductive system: seminal vesicles, prostrate, bulbourethral gland |
| acetyl- CoA | first substrate in Krebs cycle, produced from oxidation of pyruvate by PDC & also during FA oxidation & protein catabolism |
| acinar cells | make up exocrine glands & that secrete their products into ducts |
| adrenergic tone | constant NS input to arteries that keeps them somewhat constricted to maintain a basal level of blood pressure |
| adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) | tropic hormone produced by anterior pituitary that targets adrenal cortex to release aldosterone & cortisol |
| albumin | blood protein produced by live; maintains blood osmotic pressure (oncotic p) |
| amino acid acceptor site | 3' end of tRNA molecule that binds an AA; nucleotide sequence is CCA |
| angiotensinogen | normal blood protein produced by liver; converted to angiotensin I by renin (secreted by kidney when BP falls) which is then converted to Angiotensin II by ACE. AngII is a powerful vasoconstrictor & stimulator of aldosterone which both increase BP |
| anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis) | hormones: FSH, LH, ACTH, TSH, prolactor, growth hormone |
| antibodies | proteins secreted by activated B-cells that bind to foreign proteins (antigens), mark them for destruction |
| antigen presenting cell | cells that possess MHC II (B cells & macrophages) & are able to display bits of ingested antigen on their surface in order to activate T cells |
| aqueous humor | thin, watery fluid found in anterior segment of eye (between lens & cornea) |
| A site | amino-acyl tRNA site; on ribosome, where new AA is added to the growing peptide |
| Eustachian/auditory tube | tube that connects middle ear cavity with pharynx; equalizes middle ear pressure with atmospheric pressure so pressure on either side of the tympanic membrane is equal |
| bacteriophage | virus that infects bacteria |
| basilar membrane | in cochlea that supports organ of Corti; fibers are short & stiff near oval window & long & flexible near apex of the cochlea which helps to transduce pitch |
| B cell | type of lymphocyte that recognizes an antigen and matures into plasma cells (secrete antibody) and memory cells |
| blotting | transfer of DNA from an electrophoresis gel to a nitrocellulose filter |
| Bohr effect | tendency of certain factors to stabilize Hb in tense conformation, reduces affinity for O2 & enhances release of O2 to tissues. Factors include: increased PCO2, increased temp, increased BPG, decreased pH; shifts curve to the right |
Created by:
angcurcio
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