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Test 2 (23-24_
Flash Cards test 2 (23-24)
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| ATP | Cell Energy. Powers all life |
| Antibodies | A protein produced by the immune system that either attacks invading pathogens or marks them for killing |
| Blood | Substance in the body that transports materials such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, glucose, and hormones. Part of the circulatory system |
| Blood glucose regualtion | Your bodies ability to maintain stable blood glucose concentrations |
| Body System | An system consisting of a group of organs that work together to perform one or more functions. |
| Cell respiration | The process in which nutrients are broken apart, releasing the chemical energy stored in them |
| Cellular processes | A chemical process that occurs in a living thing, Digestion, synthesis, Photosynthesis , Respiration, Replication |
| Cellular respiration | The process of converting simple sugars and oxygen into carbon dioxide, water, and energy |
| Chlorophyll | The green pigment found in chloroplasts |
| Chloroplast | The green organelle that contains chlorophyll where photosynthesis takes place (it looks like a bean full of pancakes) |
| Circulation | The flow of materials within a cell as well as between parts of a multicellular organism |
| Circulatory System | Carries gases and nutrients throughout the body. Similar to cytoplasm, ER, Golgi body |
| CO2 and O2 regulation | Your bodies ability to maintain the proper concentration of carbon dioxide and oxygen |
| Denature | When an enzyme changes shape and can no longer function. Typically happens at high temperature or High pH |
| Diabetes | A condition where the body is not producing or responding to insulin correctly. |
| Diabetes type 1 | A disease were the pancreas does not make insulin caused by genetic disorder |
| Diabetes type 2 | A disease where the body does not respond to insuin due to excessive glucose consumption |
| Digestion | The process that breaks down large food molecules that the organism can use |
| Digestive System | Breaks down food into nutrients and puts them in the blood stream. Similar to vacuoles and lysosomes |
| Dynamic equilibrium | The constant small corrections that normally occur to keep an organism internal environment within the limits needed for survival = HOMEOSTASIS |
| Endocrine System | Hormome system coordinates cell action and development |
| Enzyme | Proteins that speed up the rate of chemical reactions in living things. work because of their shape! Lock and key model |
| Excretory System | Removes waste from the blood stream and then away from the body. Similar to the cell membrane or vacuole. |
| Feedback mechanism | A cycle in which an output of assistant either modifies or reinforces the first action taken by the system. |
| Gas Exchange | the process of bringing in and relasing gasses from the envrionment. Plants bring in CO2 and release O2 Animals bring in O2 and release CO2 |
| Glucagon | A hormone that causes the liver to release glucose resulting in an increse in blood sugar |
| Glucose | Organic molecule used by living things to make energy (ATP). Produced during Photosynthesis. (C6H12O6) |
| Guard Cells | Plant cells that are on the outside of the stomta thay control gas exchange. |
| Homeostasis | Sometimes called Dynamic Equlibrium. The ability of an organism to maintain stable internal conditions even when the external environment changes |
| Hormone | A chemical produced in the endocrine glands |
| Immune System | The bodies system of defence. Made up of white blood cells, and antigens. |
| Insulin | A hormone secreted from the pancreas that prompts glucose to move from the blood into body cells, resulting in lower glucose levels in the blood. |
| Integumentarty system | Skin. Protects the inside of the body, helps you regulate temperature |
| Lock and Key Model | the shape of the active site on the enzyme matches up with the shape of the substrates |
| Metabolisim | All the chemical reactions in your body |
| Mitochondria | THE POWERHOUSE OF THE CELL! it makes energy by turning glucose and oxygen into ATP. During Cellular Respiration |
| Musculoskeletal System | System of Muscles and bones, provides you with the ability to move and protects your major organs. |
| Negative Feedback Loop | Body response to maintain homeostasis. Body response counterbalances a stimulus to return conditions to normal |
| Nervous System | Fast control of the functioning of all body systems. Similar to the nucleus. |
| Nutrition | Autotrophs make their own food, while heterotrophs eat other organisms. |
| Organ | Body structure made of tissues |
| Organ System | Several organs that work together to preform a major body function. (Digestive, Circulatory, Respriatory, Nervous, Endocrine, Reproductive, Integumentary, Muscloskeletal) |
| Organization of Living Things (Smallest to Biggest) | cells --> tissues --> organs --> organ systems --> organism |
| Osmoregulation | Your bodies ability to maintain the proper water balance |
| Pancreas | Endocrine organ that makes insulin |
| Pathogen | An organism that invades the body. (virus, bacteria, Fungi, parasite) |
| Photosynthesis | the cellular process of turning carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. Done by plants occurs in the Chloroplast CO2 + H2O. --> C6H12O6 + O2 |
| Photosynthesis Equation | CO2 + H2O. --> C6H12O6 + O2 |
| Photosynthesis products | C6H12O6= Glucose and O2= oxygen |
| Photosynthesis reactants | CO2= Carbon dioxide, H2O= water, Sunglight |
| Postive Feedback loop | Body response to maintain homeostasis. Body response adds more stimulus to pushes conditions outside of normal |
| Products | what is made or produced (to the right of the arrow in an equation) |
| Products of cellular respiration | CO2= Carbon dioxide, H20= water, ATP= Energy |
| Protein | made from amino acids give your body structure and carry out life functions. Enzymes are proteins |
| Reactants | Raw materials( to the left of the arrow in an equation) |
| Reactants of cellular respiration | C6H12O6= Glucose, O2= Oxygen |
| Respiration / Cell respiration/ Cellular Respiration | The cellular process of breaking down Glucose to make create energy in the form of ATP. Releases CO2 Done by all things plants and animals, in the mitochondira C6H12O6 + O2 --> CO2 + H2O + ATP |
| Respiratory System | Exchanges carbon dioxide and oxygen. Similar to the cell membrane |
| Steps to making a scale on your graph | 1) Count the boxes. 2) Identify the largest number in your data. 3) Divide the largest number by the number of boxes. 4) round your answer up to an easy number to count by and fill in your scale. |
| Stimuli | A change in the envrionment to causes an orgnaism to react |
| Stomata | Opening found in chloroplasts that allow the movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide in and out of the chloroplast |
| Synthesis | A life process that means to make things. Protein synthesis = cells making protein |
| Thermoreguation | Your bodies ability to maintain a stable internal temperature |
| Vaccine | A preventive medicine that typically contains a weakened or dead form of a viruses antibodies allowing the body to learn how to identify and fight off the sickness in advance. Vaccines do not work on bacteria only viruses |
| Virus | A non-living particle of protein that reproduces by infecting living cells. |
| What types of living things carry out photosynthesis | Plants |
| What types of living things carry out respiration | All living things |
| White blood cell | A cell made by the immune system that produces antibodies (b-cells) or attacks invaders (T-cell) |
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