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Body Systems Vocab

Science Vocabulary

TermDefinition
cell differentiation the process by which cells become different types of cells.
tissue a group of similar types of cells that work together to carry out specific tasks.
organ a group of different tissues working together to perform a particular job.
organ system a group of organs that work together and perform a specific task.
muscle strong body tissue that can contract in an orderly way.
joint where two or more bones meet.
ligament the tissue that connects bones to other bones.
hydrostatic skeleton a fluid-filled internal cavity surrounded by muscle tissue.
exoskeleton a thick, hard outer covering; protects and supports an animal’s body.
cardiac muscle muscle found only in the heart.
smooth muscle involuntary muscle named for its smooth appearance.
Calorie the amount of energy it takes to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water by 1°C.
nutrient a part of food used by the body to grow and survive.
digestion the mechanical and chemical breakdown of food into small particles and molecules that your body can absorb and use.
mechanical digestion a process in which food is physically broken into smaller pieces.
chemical digestion a process in which chemical reactions break down pieces of food into small molecules.
esophagus a muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach.
peristalsis waves of muscle contractions that move food through the digestive tract.
villus fingerlike projections, many of which cover the folds of the small intestine.
excretory system the system that collects and eliminates wastes from the body and regulates the level of fluid in the body.
photosynthesis a series of chemical reactions that convert light energy, water, and carbon dioxide into the food-energy molecule glucose and give off oxygen.
vascular tissue specialized plant tissue composed of tubelike cells that transports water and nutrients in some plants.
xylem a type of vascular tissue that carries water and dissolved nutrients from the roots to the stem and the leaves.
phloem a type of vascular tissue that carries dissolved sugars throughout a plant.
stoma a small opening in the epidermis, or surface layer, of a leaf.
pharynx a tubelike passageway at the top of the throat that receives air, food, and liquids from the mouth or nose.
trachea a tube that is held open by C-shaped rings of cartilage; connects the larynx and the bronchi.
bronchi two narrow tubes that carry air into the lungs from the trachea.
lungs the main organs of the respiratory system.
diaphragm a large muscle below the lungs that contracts and relaxes as air moves into and out of your lungs.
alveoli microscopic sacs or pouches at the end of the bronchioles where gas exchange occurs.
atria the upper two chambers of the heart.
ventricles the lower two chambers of the heart.
artery a vessel that carries blood away from the heart.
vein a vessel that carries blood toward the heart.
capillary a tiny blood vessel that delivers supplies to an individual cell and takes away waste materials.
open circulatory system a system that transports blood and other fluids into open spaces that surround organs in the body.
closed circulatory system a system that transports materials through blood using vessels.
nervous system the part of an organism that gathers, processes, and responds to information.
neuron the basic functioning unit of the nervous system; a nerve cell.
central nervous system system made up of the brain and the spinal cord.
spinal cord a tubelike structure of neurons that sends signals to and from the brain.
peripheral nervous system system made of sensory and motor neurons that transmit information between the central nervous system (CNS) and the rest of the body.
sensory system the part of your nervous system that detects or senses the environment.
receptor special structures in all parts of the sensory system that detect stimuli.
Created by: Kuiper
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