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Bacteria
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| autotroph | "self nutrient" |
| heterotroph | "other nutrient" |
| obligate aerobe | requires oxygen |
| facultative anaerobe | can live with oxygen or without oxygen |
| pili | Hair-like structures on the outside of bacteria. Used to help bacteria adhere to food and other bacteria. |
| plasmid | Small circular DNA that contains few genes; can be shared with other bacteria. |
| capsule | A structure on the outside of some bacteria. Made of polysaccharides and helps bacteria adhere to cells, protects against dehydration, helps bacteria "hide" from the immune system. |
| conjugation | two bacteria join with a pilus and exchange plasmids |
| decomposers | recycle dead organisms, releasing their elements back into the ecosystem for use by other organisms |
| chemoautotrophs | use chemicals such as hydrogen sulfide (in deep ocean vents) in the process of making their own glucose |
| parasite | an organism that lives in or on a host |
| methanogens | anaerobic archaebacteria. make methane as a waste product, found in swamps, deep mud, some animal digestive tracts |
| halophiles | salt-loving archaebacteria, live in very salty environments |
| thermoacidophiles | archaebacteria that live in high temperature and acidic environments (hot springs, underwater volcanic vents) |
| nitrogen fixing bacteria | soil bacteria that convert atmospheric nitrogen into a form of nitrogen that plants can use to make proteins and nucleic acids |
| saprobes (saprophytes) | heterotrophs that get nutrients from breaking down dead and decomposing matter |
| coccus | round (spherical) |
| bacillus | rod shaped |
| spirilla | spiral shaped |
| diplo | pair (usually pair of cocci) |
| lipopolysaccharide | a lipid-carbohydrate molecule on the outer membrane of Gram negative bacteria, toxic to mammals |
| Archaea | Prokaryotes with no peptidoglycans in the cell wall, and unique cell membrane lipids. that live in extreme environments. |
| Eubacteria | Prokaryotes in Kingdom Eubacteria are in Domain Bacteria. Eubacteria cell walls contain peptidoglycan. |
| motile | being able to move |
| pathogen | a microorganism that causes disease in another organism |
| flagellum | long, whip-like structure used for movement |
| peptidoglycan | a polysaccharide found in bacterial cell walls |
| Gram stain | A laboratory procedure that differentiates bacteria based on peptidoglycan content. |
| Gram positive bacteria | cell walls are up to 90% peptidoglycan; stain purple |
| Gram negative bacteria | cell walls are 5-10% peptidoglycan; stain pink |
| biofilm | extracellular polysaccharides that permit bacteria to stay together as a mass |
| obligate anaerobe | cannot live in the presence of oxygen |
| binary fission | process of bacterial reproduction; asexual |
| endospore | Forms within some bacteria under harsh environmental conditions. A structure with a thick wall that protects the DNA and allows the bacterium to remain dormant for months or years. |
| antibiotic | a medication that inhibits bacterial growth or kills bacteria |
| microbiome | all of the bacteria that colonize an individual organism (such as a human) |
Created by:
onceamustang
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