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Stage 1 Biology T3
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| heart | A 4 chambered, muscular organ that pumps blood throughout the body |
| pulmonary artery | the artery carrying de-oxygenated blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs for oxygenation. |
| pulmonary veins | return the freshly oxygenated blood to the left side of the heart |
| Aorta | carries blood from the heart to to the body. |
| Arteries | Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart |
| Veins | Blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart |
| oxygenated blood | Blood rich in oxygen |
| deoxygenated blood | blood that is oxygen poor and high in carbon dioxide |
| Xylem | vascular tissue that carries water upward from the roots to every part of a plant |
| Phloem | Living vascular tissue that carries sugar and organic substances throughout a plant |
| Transpiration | Evaporation of water from the leaves of a plant from the roots |
| Translocation | the movement of glucose around a plant in the phloem in both directions |
| roots | Absorbs water and minerals from the ground. Anchors plant in ground. |
| stem | supporting structure that connects roots and leaves and carries water and nutrients between them |
| Haemoglobin | The protein that carries oxygen in the red blood cells. |
| Osmosis | Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane |
| Valves | Flaps of tissue that open and close to allow the flow of blood in one direction only. |
| capillary | A tiny blood vessel where substances are exchanged between the blood and the body cells. |
| red blood cells | Blood cells that carry oxygen from the lungs to the body cells, erthrocytes |
| white blood cells | fight infection |
| Platelets | cell fragments that cause clotting and produce growth factors involved in tissue repair |
| bone marrow | A soft tissue inside the bone that produces blood cells |
| pulse rate | the number of heartbeats or pulses felt in 1 minute |
| heart rate | A measure of cardiac activity usually expressed as the number of beats per minute. |
| open circulatory system | A circulatory system that allows the blood to flow out of the blood vessels and into various body cavities so that the cells are in direct contact with the blood |
| closed circulatory system | system in which blood is contained within a network of blood vessels |
| metabolism | all the biochemical reactions carried out by all living things |
| excretion | the removal of wastes |
| excretory organs | kidneys, bladder, lungs, skin |
| renal artery | blood flowing into the kidneys pass through this |
| renal vein | blood flowing out of the kidneys pass through this |
| kidney | produces urine and maintains the balance of water and salts in the blood |
| ureter | transports urine from the kidneys to the bladder |
| bladder | stored urine |
| urethra | transports urine out of the bladder during urination |
| nephron | removes wastes from the kidney |
| digestion | Breaking down food |
| chemical digestion | enzymes in the stomach and small intestine break down food |
| mechanical digestion | teeth and muscle action break down food |
| absorption | small molecule products of digestion enter the bloodstream |
| protease | breaks down proteins into amino acids |
| amylase | breaks down starch and carbs into sugars |
| lipase | breaks down lipids into fatty acids |
| glands of the digestive system | salivary glands, pancreas and gall bladder |
| salivary glands | produces saliva containing amylase which moistens the food and starts chemical digestion |
| oesophagus | pushes partially digested food to the stomach |
| Stomach | Stores food and mixes it with enzymes to begin digestion |
| pancreas | produces pancreatic juice and enzymes that chemically digest food |
| liver | produces bile that break up and digest lipids |
| gallbladder | stores bile |
| colon | water and minerals are absorbed then contents are pushed to the rectum |
| rectum | stores and pushes out faeces |
| villi | fingerlike projections in the ileum that increase the surface area for absorption |
| Enzymes | Proteins that speed up chemical reactions |
| factors that increase enzyme activity | pH, temperature, enzyme concentration, substrate concentration |
| microvilli | increase the surface area so each villi can absorb the maximum amount of nutrients |
| correct order of food path | oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine |
| Photosynthesis | Conversion of light energy from the sun into chemical energy. |
| Respiration | The process by which cells break down simple food molecules to release the energy they contain. |
| Chlorplast | the site of photosynthesis |
| Autotroph | An organism that makes its own food |
| Mitochondria | Powerhouse of the cell |
| Stomata | Small openings on the underside of a leaf through which oxygen and carbon dioxide can move |
| guard cells | control the opening and closing of stomata |
| Diffusion | Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. |
| Cuticle | A waxy covering on the surface of stems and leaves that acts as an adaptation to prevent desiccation in terrestrial plants. |
| Intercostal muscles | Muscles which move the rib cage during breathing |
| Diaphragm | Large, flat muscle at the bottom of the chest cavity that helps with breathing |
| Features of exchange surfaces | large surface area, thin, moist, constant blood supply |
| Hemoglobin | Protein molecule in the blood responsible for carrying oxygen around the body |
| Capillaries | Microscopic vessel through which exchanges take place between the blood and cells of the body |
| Alveoli | tiny air sacs of the lungs which allow for rapid gaseous exchange. |
| Bronchioles | Airways in the lungs that lead from the bronchi to the alveoli |
| Bronchi | two short branches located at the lower end of the trachea that carry air into the lungs |
| Trachea | windpipe, allow air to enter and leave the lungs |
| Epiglottis | A flap of tissue that seals off the windpipe and prevents food from entering. |
| Larynx | voice box; passageway for air moving from pharynx to trachea; contains vocal cords |
| Pharynx | cavity at the back of the mouth (throat) |
| Nose | warms, moisten and filters air using blood vessels, mucus and cilia (hairs) |
| Cellular respiration | the process by which cells use oxygen to produce energy from food |
| Active transport | Movement from a low concentration to a high concentration it requires energy |
Created by:
justineforrest
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