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ecology
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| species | a group of living organisms |
| speciation | the formation of new and different organisms through evolution |
| population | a group of organisms in an area |
| community | groups of populations that interact in an area |
| ecosystem | organisms and their environment interacting with each other |
| biome | area classified by the species that live in said area |
| niche | the role an organism plays in its community |
| mutualism | a relationship between the same species where they both benefit |
| parasitism | a relationship between organisms where only one organism benefits |
| symbiosis | a relationship between different species where both organisms benefit |
| courtship | behaviors aimed to attract and mate with the opposite sex |
| competition | the need for organisms to keep control of limited resources |
| host | a larger organism that has a smaller organism inside of it |
| predator | the organism that hunts or takes over another organism |
| prey | the organism that is hunted or taken over by another organism |
| pheromones | secreted substances to signal information to another organism of the same species |
| eggs | animal reproductive body |
| seeds | plant reproductive body |
| spores | fungal reproductive body |
| estivation | dormancy of an animal during a period of dryness or heat |
| pfiesteria | type of algae commonly found as the root of harmful algae blooms |
| exponential growth | when a population has large amounts of offspring in a short time |
| carrying capacity | the ecosystem’s ability to sustainably keep populations alive |
| habituation | the act of being accustomed to something |
| imprinting | an animal being able to recognize something as an object of trust |
| innate behavior | instinctive behaviors |
| learned behavior | behavior that is learned through experience |
| classical conditioning (behavior) | behavior that is learned through consistently paired together actions resulting in the same result |
| trial and error learning | behavior learned from trying and failing until success is achieved |
| abiotic factor | factors of an ecosystem that are not alive |
| biotic factor | factors of an ecosystem that are alive |
| nitrogen fixation | the process of nitrogen being able to be absorbed by plants |
| decomposition | when biotic matter is broken down back into the earth |
| photosynthesis | when plants turn sunlight into chemical energy |
| cellular respiration | the process that cells use to create energy (atp) |
| food chain | a diagram showing the process of energy transfer of one organism to another |
| food web | all of the food chains in one ecosystem |
| radiant energy | physical energy coming from the sun |
| producers/autotrophs | organisms that make their own food |
| consumers/heterotrophs | organisms that eat other organisms for energy |
| decomposer | organisms that eat dead organisms for energy |
| biomass | the total weight/quantity of organisms in an area |
| energy pyramid | diagram that shows the biomass or bioproductivity at each trophic level |
| trophic levels | position an organism occupies in a food chain |
| biodiversity | the variety of life in an ecosystem |
| active immunity | when a disease triggers an immune response |
| passive immunity | when a person is given antibodies (vaccines) |
| vaccines | injections meant to provide passive immunity |
| acid rain | rain that is slightly acidic due to the presence of sulfur dioxide |
| greenhouse effect | when heat is trapped inside of earth’s atmosphere due to it unable to penetrate through the carbon dioxide residing above |
| habitat destruction | when organism’s natural habitats are no longer suitable for life |
| waste lagoons | large pools of animal waste used on commercial farms |
| climate change | the weather changes experienced all over the world caused by global warming/emission of greenhouse gases |
| global warming | the idea that the planet is gradually becoming warmer than before due to man |
| deforestation | when forests are cut down for land or resources |
| pesticides | substances that kill unwanted pests |
| bioaccumulation | when a specific chemical is found increasing in quantity in an organism over time |
| fossil fuels | substances that are made of fossilized plants/animals from millenia ago and used for energy production |
| urbanization | when humans move into areas of large population density |
| ozone layer | the layer that protects earth from ultraviolet light |
| cfcs | chemicals containing atoms of carbon, fluorine, and chlorine. |
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