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Cell Cycle

TermDefinition
cytokinesis Complete separation of the 2 new cells resulting from mitosis. Cytoplasm divides
mitosis the division of the cell nucleus and its contents
chromatid one half of a duplicated chromosome
chromosome long, continuous thread of DNA that contains many genes.
centromere Area where the chromatids of a chromosome are attached
cell cycle An ordered sequence of events in the life of a eukaryotic cell; process of growth and division.
G1 phase (growth 1) interphase stage of cell cycle where cell grows, organelles are copied, and DNA is checked for damage from the environment.
G2 phase (growth 2) interphase stage. DNA is checked to see if it was copied correctly. Some cell growth happens
S phase (synthesis) interphase stage of cell cycle where cell replicates DNA... DNA is copied in the nucleus
Interphase Majority of cell cycle is in this stage, preparing to devide
Checkpoints stop to the cell cycle to check for damage or errors in the DNA.
Cancer Cells skip checkpoints and divide uncontrollably
Chromosome Condensed DNA. Contains genetic information (genes).
final stage of the cell cycle, cells divide and move apart cytokinesis
Centromere central part of chromosome, joining the two sister chromatids
Spindle fiber emerge from centrioles, attach to chromosomes to pull them apart during mitosis
Purpose of mitosis divides cells that are too large, replaces damaged/dying cells, allows for growth. Makes copies of the original cell
sister chromatids identical copies of DNA joined together at a centromere to form a duplicated chromosome
parent cell original cell before cell division
daughter cell exact copy of the original cell following cell division
12 hours Typical amount of time that Synthesis, G2, and Mitosis stage for human cells. (G1 stage is different depending on cell type and age of individual)
DNA replication The process in which DNA copies itself of itself.
steps of mitosis prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
nuclear envelope/membrane surrounds the nucleus, controls what enters nucleus
Tumor mass of rapidly dividing cells that can damage surrounding tissue. may or may not be cancerous
Created by: 10370
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