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Biology - unit 3 voc

vocabulary words

TermDefinition
Mutation A change in the DNA
Phenotype The physical traits
Genotype A set of genes that codes for a trait
Nucleotide A part of DNA (3 parts - Sugar, phosphate, nitrogen base)
Gene A section of DNA
Protein synthesis A process of how proteins are made
Hydrogen bonds Hold Nitrogen bases of DNA together (A-T= 2 bonds) (C-G = 3 bonds)
Transcription The 1st part of protein synthesis. (MRNA copies the genes of DNA)
Translation The 2nd part of protein synthesis. (MRNA is read in order to form amino acid chains)
Silent substitution A mutation in the nitrogen base (the Amino Acid stays the same)
Insertion When a nitrogen base is added (it shifts the rest of the bases over) - new amino acid formed
Deletion When a nitrogen base is taken out (it shift the rest of the bases over) - new amino acid formed
Substitution A mutation when one nitrogen base is replaced by another (Amino acid changes)
Mutagen Something that causes a mutation to happen (chemicals, radiation, natural infection)
Created by: khalupka
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