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Honors Bio Ch11/14

Heredity

TermDefinition
Genetics Scientific study of heredity
Trait Specific characteristic of an individual
Gene Basic unit of heredity passed from parents to offspring
Alleles Different forms of a gene
Homozygous Having 2 identical alleles for a particular gene
Heterozygous Having 2 different alleles for a particular gene
Phenotype Physical trait
Genotype Genetic make-up, or the 2 alleles inherited by an individual for a particular gene
Incomplete dominance Blend of phenotypes in which neither allele is completely dominant over the other
Codominance Expression of 2 distinct, equally dominant phenotypes
Polygenic traits Trait controlled by 2 or more genes
F1 generation First filial generation; the offspring of 2 homozygous parents with opposing phenotypes
F2 generation Second filial generation; the offspring of an F1 cross
Genome Complete set of genetic information
Karyotype Arrangement of all of an organism's chromosomes in pairs from largest to smallest
Autosome Any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome
Sex chromosome Chromosome that determines an organism's biological sex, such as the human X and Y chromosomes
Sex-linked trait Feature determined by a gene carried on a sex chromosome
Nondisjunction Failure of homologous chromosomes to separate during meiosis
X-chromosome inactivation Process by which one of a female's X chromosomes is switched off, resulting in a Barr body
Created by: KES-HFHS
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