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DEHA Final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the 3 prenatal development periods? | preimplantation, embryonic, and fetal |
| How long is each prenatal period? | Preimplantation: about 1 week Embryonic: Week 2-8 Fetal: Week 9 - birth |
| What happens in the preimplantation period? | Fertilization and implantation. Zygote became a blastocyst. |
| What happens in the embryonic period? | Physiological process occurs |
| What happens in the fetal period? | Embryo becomes a fetus |
| In week 1, zygote undergoes cell division then becomes ________________ , which has 2 layers, _______________ and ____________________. | blastocyst; trophoblast and embryoblast |
| In week 2, the blastocyst creates a bilaminar disc, which has 2 layers, __________________ and _____________________ | epiblast ( superior) and hypoblast (inferior) |
| What forms in week 3 within the embryonic bilaminar disc? | Primitive streak |
| In week 3, cells begin to migrate toward the hypoblast and forms the _____________ | mesoderm |
| What are the three germs layers formed within the trilaminar disc in week 3? | Ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm |
| What week does the CNS begin to develop (spinal cord and brain) | Week 3 |
| A group of cells that differentiate from the ectoderm is called what? Where are they localized? | neuroectoderm; localized in the neural plate of the embryo |
| NCC comes from what? | neuroectoderm |
| While the neural plate continues to grow and thicken, it invaginates inward and creates what? | Neural groove |
| What week does the neural folds fuse and create a neural tube? | Week 4 |
| The neural groove will be surrounded around __________ as it deepen | neural folds |
| Somites comes from what? | mesoderm |
| What happens in week 4 | Disc undergoes embryonic folding, which place tissues in their proper positions |
| A long hollow tube lined by ectoderm has 3 parts, 1 anterior and 2 posterior.What are they called | anterior: forgut which is the primitive pharynx posterior: midgut and hindgut which forms the mature pharynx and digestive tract |
| The face and neck starts to develop in which week? | Week 4 |
| The medial nasal process fuse together to form what? | root of the nose, tubercle, and philtrum |
| What week does the tongue develop? | Weeks 4-8 |
| In what week does the eyes start to move medially? | week 4 |
| Primary development of the palate happens during what weeks? | Weeks 5-12 |
| Intermaxillary segment forms the ________________ and _________________ in what week. | Floor of the nasal cavity and the primary plate (1/3 of the hard plate), week 5 |
| What week is the secondary plate formed? | Week 6 |
| The secondary palate gives rise to ______________, __________________, and ______________________. | posterior 2/3 of the hard palate, soft palate, and uvula |
| The bilateral maxillary processes give rise to ____________ _____________, which grow inferiorly and deep inside the stomodeum in a ____________ direction on both sides of the developing tongue | 2 palatal shelves, vertical |
| Where does the palatal shelves fuse horizontally into? | Median palatine raphe |
| In week 7, what forms the dental lamina? | Oral epithelium |
| What forms the oral epithelium? | the stomodeum |
| What week does the Bud stage begin | Week 8 |
| Dental placodes turn into buds and creates _______ on each arch | 10 buds |
| tooth germs gives rise to __________ and ___________ | dental placodes and ectomesenchyme |
| What stage does the cap stage begin? | week 9-10 |
| In week 9-10, tooth germs are completing. What does the tooth germs consist of ? | dental sac, dental papilla, and enamel organ |
| What week does the bell stage begin? | Week 11-12 |
| 4 type of cells in the enamel organ? | OEE, IEE, stellate intermedium, and stratum intermedium |
| Once the dental sac differentiates, what does it give rise to? | periodontium |
| What does the periodontium consist of? | PDL, alveolar bone, and cementum |
| This tissue is avascular and gets nutrition supply from connective tissue | Epithelial tissue |
| The most common cell connective tissue.. specializes in collagen, elastic and reticular | Fibroblast |
| ___________________ contains only collagen fibers | Hyalin |
| _________________ contains elastic fibers and collagen fibers | Elastic |
| _______________ is usually found with hyalin cartilage and is transitional | Fibrocartilage |
| What are the two types of growth? | Appositional and interstitial growth |
| What does ossification mean? | Bone development (calcium hydroxyapatite) |
| Erythocytyes come from what | Bone marrow |
| What is the first cell to appear after injury? | Leukocytes |
| b - cells , t- cells, and natural killer cells are involved in immune response. What cells is this? | Lymphocytes |
| Muscles derived from somites | |
| Skeletal Muscles | voluntary |
| Cardiac smooth Muscles | qinvoluntary |
| Afferent nerve | toward the body of the spinal cord |
| Efferent nerve | away from the body of the spinal cord |
| Afferent/efferent nerves contains __________,_________, and ________ | axon, myelin sheath, and dendrites |
| The nervous system contains | CNS: brain and spinal cord and PNS: peripheral nervous system and ANS: automatic caretaker of the body. |
| ANS has two divisions: | sympathetic (fight or flight) and parasympathetic |
| Mucosa that acts: - as soft and moist surface - lines the buccal mucosa, labial mucosa, alveolar mucosa, ventral surface of the tongue, floor of the mouth and soft palate | Lining mucosa |
| Mucosa thats made up of nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium and contains more elastic fibers. | Lining mucosa |
| Mucosa that - has a rubbery texture - includes the hard palate, attached gingiva, and dorsal surface of the tongue - rete ridges extensions of epithelium into connective tissue gives this mucosa a firmer base | Masticatory mucosa |
| Mucosa that is made up of orthokeratinized stratified squamous epithelium and parakeratinized straified squamous epithelium | Masticatory mucosa |
| Which stratified squamous epithelium contains keratin in the nuclei | Parakaratinized |
| Mucosa has 4 types of papilla: | Specialized mucosa |
| Most common papilla associated with Black Hairy Tongue | Filiform |
| Small red dots, mushroom shaped found in the dorsal surface of the tongue | Fungiform |
| Vertical ridges on the lateral surface of the tongue, leaf shaped | Foliate |
| lined in a v shaped in the posterior dorsal part of the tongue | circumvallate |
| the interdental gingiva apical and between the teeth, its concave | COL |
| Creates the gingival sulcus and contains the GCF, which contains WBc's and immunoglobulins | sulcular epithelium |
| lines the floor of the gingival sulcus and attaches to the tooth surface by the epithlium attachment | JE ( junctional epithelium) |
| wearing of the incisor or occlusal surfaces of the teeth as a result of functional or parafunctional tooth-to-tooth contact | attrition |
| most affected tooth with attrition overtime is | first molars |
| responsible for the development of the root of the tooth | cervical loop |
| anchors the tooth to the alveolar process | sharpey fibers |
| the remnants of Hertwig's root sheath | Rests of Malassez |
| these cells develop from the neuroectoderm and migrate from the neural folds to then join the mesoderm which forms mesenchyme during the 3rd week of prenatal development | NCC |
| the zone layer closet to the dentin | Odontoblastic layer |
| the tissue fluid surrounding the cell membrane of odontoblast | dentinal fluid |
| deposition of minerals into mature enamel | Remineralization |
| This curve includes the anteroposterior curvature; naturally occurring phenomenon in the permanent dentition | curve of spee |
| This curve is across arch curvature or posterior occlusal plane | Curve of Wilson |
| Which brachial arch forms the mandible and contributes to the maxillary process of the upper jaw | 1st brachial arch |
| How do the 2 Len placodes migrate | first located on the sides of the frontalnasal process then later on moves medially to form the eyes |
| Germs layers involved in facial development | endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm |
| The TMJ develops during what weeks | 11-12 |
| part of the alveoli dental ligament on a single rooted adult tooth | apical group |
| holding the marginal gingiva securely against the tooth, but does not contribute to each tooth's anchorage in the jaws | gingival fiber group |
| IMPORTANT | sharpey fibers are lost during periodontitis |
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NakiaC
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