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Electrolytes

Normal limits of electrolytes and imbalance symptoms

TermDefinition
Sodium normal limits 135 - 145 mEq/L
Potassium normal limits 3.5 - 5.0 mEq/L
Calcium normal limits 8.6 - 10.2 mg/dL
Phosphorus normal limits 2.5 - 4.5 mg/dL
Magnesium normal limits 1.3 - 2.3 mEq/L
Chloride normal limits 97 - 107 mEq/L
Hyponatremia lethargy, headache, confusion, apprehension, seizures, coma
Hypernatremia Fever, Restless, Increased fluid retention & blood pressure, edema, decreased urine output & dry mouth
Hypokalemia Anorexia, nausea, vomiting, weak pulses, muscle weakness, paresthesia, ventricular dysrhythmias, shallow respirations
Hyperkalemia ECG changes, dysrhythmias, cardiac arrest, muscle twitching, numbness, nausea
Hypocalcemia Trousseau's sign, Chvostek's sign, numbness & tingling, mental changes, laryngeal spasms, muscle cramps, seizures
Hypercalcemia Lethargy, muscle weakness, constipation, nausea/vomiting/diarrhea, renal calculi, polyuria, polydipsia, cardiac arrest
Hypophosphatemia Cardiomyopathy, acute respiratory failure, seizures, joint stiffness, decreased tissue oxygenation
Hyperphosphatemia Tetany of the fingertips, tingling, muscle spasms, organ damage like the kidneys, joints, arteries, skin, and cornea
Hypomagnesemia Increased reflexes, tremors/seizures, tachyarrhythmias, mental changes, neuromuscular irritability
Hypermagnesemia warm, flushed skin, hypotension, respiratory depression, hypoactive reflexes, cardiac abnormalities
Hypochloremia Hyponatremia, increased bicarbonate levels, diuretic, cystic fibrosis
Hyperchloremia Low serum pH, hypernatremia
Created by: bsnursinggirl
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