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hydrosphere
envs 101 exam 2 review
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| where is the water? | primarily in oceans, small amount in atmosphere, small amount is freshwater of freshwater, most is frozen, then groundwater, very little is actually reachable |
| embedded water | water used to create products, farm food, etc |
| riparian | rivers |
| lacustrine | lakes, ponds |
| oxygen levels | anoxic, hypoxic, hyperoxic |
| autocthonous | nutrients generated within the system |
| allochtthonous | nutrients from outside the system |
| groundwater dependent ecosystems contain stygobites | creates which live exclusively in the groundwater |
| lentic ecosystems | still water |
| lotic ecosystems | flowing water |
| littoral zone | shallow water near the shore, diverse |
| pelagic zone | photic and aphotic zones away from shore, defined by light |
| wetlands | seasonal or permanent water saturation varieties: swamps, fens, bogs, marshes, salt marshes, mangrove swamps, estuaries, deltas |
| aquifer recharge rate | about 1000 years |
| Ogallala aquifer | provides water for 80% of residents in 8 states 100 ft has been drained only gains back 0.02-6 inches of water a year |
| subsidence | overpumping of aquifers causing collapse of land, sinking, or tilt |
| human impacts on hydrosphere | impermeable surfaces, drainage, infiltration, use of dams, reservoirs, canals, pipelines, pollution, eutrophication, lake drainage |
| nonpoint pollution | cannot identify the source ie rainfall, snowfall picking up a bunch of random things |
| point source pollution | source of pollutant is identifiable - ie a factory |
| Safe Water Drinking Act | sets maximum levels for contaminants in drinking water establishes BAT standards for pollution control |
| Clean Water Act | prohibits the pollution of surface water - need permits to discharge from point pollution |
| eutrophication | high levels of nutrients, low levels of oxygen, kills fish |
| mesotrophic | moderate nutrients and oxygen levels, modest food web |
| oligotrophic | low nutrient levels, high oxygen, complex food webs |
| Antarctic Ice Sheet | 5.4 million square miles, which, if melted, would raise ocean by 200 feet |
| headwaters | upward zone of accumulation in a watershed |
| transfer zones | lower zones in a watershed where the are streams, rivers, and tributaries |
| depositional zone | where the river valley opens into flood plains |
| upwelling | upward flow of deep water, which brings up nutrients, which is good for primary productivity and fish populations |
| downwelling | downward flow of surface water, which brings down oxygen |
Created by:
mcarson29
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