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lecture 14

TermDefinition
polygenic trait influenced by many genetic loci
epistasis interaction between alleles
phenotypic plasticity interaction with envoronment
quantitive genetics study of the genetic mechanisms and evolution of continuous phenotypic traits
quantitative geneticists focused on mapping the genetic basis of relatively simple traits, focuses in specific things in genomes
population geneticists focuses on understanding the subtle signals left in genetic data by selection over longer time scales, how they are diff anf they compare
H-W extended to polygenic traits
alles denoted with a 1 as the subscript have no effect
alles denoted with a 2 as the subscript have an effect on (ex. body size)
traits that vary widely about the mean value have a bigger ____ than those that are identical (r nearly so variance
phenotypic variation Vp=Vg+Ve
genetic sources of variation total amount of genetic variation
additive genetic variance refers to the deviation from the mean phenotype due to inheritance of a particular allele and this allele's relative effect on phenotype
dominance genetic variance involves deviation due to interactions between alternative alleles at a specific locus
epistatic variance involves an interaction between alleles, the alleles are associated with diff loci (example: hair color +baldness) two unrelated, interact and influence the other heavily
hypostatic the hair color gene (have their expression controlled by) the baldness gene
heritability measure of the portion of phenotypic variance attributable to genetic variance, and it is an important predictor of the degree to which a population can respond to artificial or natural selection (ranges from 1, expressed, -0, not expressed)
waldmann experiment smaller population still had the ability to evolve, even tho the population consisted of only 25 individuals
broad sense heritability total phenotypic variation of a trait is attributable to genetic differences among individuals (H^2)
specific environmental variance (residual variance/error) deviation from the population mean due to the environmental conditions that are uniquely experienced by each individual
general environmental variance nongenetic sources of variation between individuals that are experienced by multiple individuals in a population
genotype environmental interaction unique or diff response of genetic lines to general environmental variation
combining genetic and environmental influences creates a continuous distribution
narrow sense heritability proportion of phenotypic variance explained by the additice effects of alleles (h^2)
modes of selection directional, stabilizing, disruptive selection
selection and evolution are not the same thing true
populations can experience selection even if they cannot evolve in response to it true
cumulative effects of directional selection can be large
QTL links two types of information, phenotypic data and genotypic data in an attempt to explain the genetic basis of variation in complex traits
disruptive selection two bumps
stabalizing selection middle bump
directional selection one bump but favors one side
selection differential (S) diff in the mean of a reproducing trait of individuals and the trait for the general population
heritability of a trait (h^2) proportion of phenotypic variance due to genetic differences among individuals (narrow sense heritability)
selection only a subset of individuals can reproduce
selection differential measures the strength of selection
high heritability results in larger change
breeders formula calculating the evolutionary response to selection R=h^2 x S
Created by: jcava141
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