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Biology Quizlet #3
16 Terms quarter 1
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Disaccharide | A double sugar molecule made of two monosaccharides bonded together |
Polysaccharides | large macromolecules formed from monosaccharides chemically bonded together |
Glycerol | A three-carbon alcohol to which fatty acids are covalently bonded to make fats and oils. |
fatty acids | chains of carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen atoms that make up most lipids |
Protein | An organic compound that is made of one or more chains of amino acids and that is a principal component of all cells; contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and, sometimes, sulfur |
Enzyme | a substance produced by a living organism that acts as a catalyst to bring about a specific biochemical reaction |
Hormone | Chemical messengers that are produced in one tissue and affect another; derived from steroids and/or proteins |
Nucleotide | monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base |
Macromolecules | A very large organic molecule composed of many smaller molecules |
Carbohydrates | the starches and sugars present in foods; main energy source of living things that is primarily made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen |
Monosaccharides | Single sugar molecules |
Lipid | macromolecule made mostly from carbon and hydrogen atoms; includes fats, oils, steroids, and waxes |
Amino Acid | Building blocks of protein |
Polypeptide | long chain of amino acids that makes proteins |
Denaturation | A process in which a protein unravels, losing its specific structure and hence function; can be caused by changes in pH or salt concentration or by high temperature. Also refers to the separation of the two strands of the DNA double helix, caused by simil |
Nucleic Acid | macromolecule used to store/transmit genetic information, containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus; DNA and RNA |