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Muscle Sys
BIO 2 EXAM
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| thin filaments | consist of two strands of actin coiled around one another |
| thick filaments | staggered arrays of myosin molecules |
| myofibrils | contains thin and thick filaments; composes a muscle fiber |
| sarcomeres | basic contractile units; composes myofibrils |
| sliding filament model | filaments slide past each other causing an overlap between thick and thin filaments |
| tropomyosin/troponin | bind to actin strands on the thin filaments when a muscle fiber is at rest, preventing actin and myosin from interacting |
| transverse (T) tubules | infolding of the plasma membrane where action potentials travel inside the muscle fiber |
| sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) | releases Ca2+ which binds to the troponin complex on the thin filaments initiating contraction |
| the nervous system can produce graded contractions by: | 1) the number of muscle fibers that contract 2) the rate at which muscle fibers are stimulated |
| motor unit | consists of a single motor neuron and muscle fibers it controls; in vertebrates |
| tetanus | a state of smooth, sustained contraction production by rapid delivery of action potentials |
| fast and slow twitch fibers | differentiated bu their speed of contraction |
| fast twitch fibers | contract more rapidly but sustain shorter contractions; glycolytic or oxidative |
| slow twitch fibers | contract more slowly but sustain longer contractions; oxidative |
| cardiac muscle | found only in the heart, consists of striated cells electrically connected by intercalated disks; can generate action potentials without neural input |
| smooth muscle | lack striations, found in the walls of hollow organs, like blood vessels; contractions are relatively slow and may be initiated without neural input |
| hydrostatic skeleton | consists of fluid held under pressure in a closed body compartment; main type in cnidarians, flatworms, annelids |
| exoskeleton | hard encasement deposited on the surface of an animal; molluscs and arthropods |
| endoskeleton | hard internal skeleton, buried in soft tissue |
| peristalsis | type of movement on land produced by rhythmic waves of muscle contractions |
| chitin | about 30-50% of the arthropod cuticle consists of a polysaccharide called... |
| locomotion | active travel from place to place; energy is expended to overcome friction and gravity |
Created by:
lainey2790
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