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Unit 3: Eukaryotes

Cell Flashcards, Biology study set for TVMSC

TermDefinition
Nucleus Brain of the cell Nucleic acids are produced here (DNA and RNA) Nuclear envelope- membrane surrounding the nucleus with pores that allow certain molecules to pass through Nucleoplasm- chromatin found here (DNA and protein)
Nucleolus Dark spots in the nucleus Produces ribosomes
Golgi Apparatus Processes, packages, and ships molecules Stacks of membranes filled with fluid Works like a factory production line
Endoplasmic Reticulum System of folded sacs and tunnels running throughout the cell Rough ER – covered with ribosomes that make proteins for outside of the cell – looks rough because of the ribosomes on the surface Smooth ER – no ribosomes
Ribosomes Most numerous part of the cell. Not a membrane bound organelle because it is not surrounded by a double membrane. Where proteins for use in and out of the cell are made.
Chloryplast Chloroplast – green – chlorophyll absorbs sunlight – photosynthesis takes place here Chloroplast has own DNA like mitochondria Chromoplast – absorb wavelengths of light that chloroplast doesn’t
Cell Membrane Separates the cell from the external environment. Gives shape and flexibility to the cell. Selectively permeable – allows some molecules but not all to cross the membrane
Cell Wall Surrounds the cell membrane Support and protection of the cell Very rigid
Central Vacule Fluid filled cavities Take up to 90% of the cell's volume Can store salts, toxins, water and other materials
Lysosome Cleaners of the cell, prevent bad material from hurting the cell
Flagella long whip-like structure protruding from the cell (usually numbering from 1-3)
Cilia/pili short hair-like structures protruding in large numbers from the surface of the cell
Mitochondria Respiration center of the cell The powerhouse Scattered throughout the cytoplasm of the cell
Cytoplasm Jelly like material found inside the cell membrane. In constant movement – cytoplasmic streaming – carrying molecules around the cell. Acts as a shock absorber.
Endosymbiosis When two things combine, happens with bacteria. Can gain unique ability.
Organelles “Little organs”- like the organs in our body, each perform a specific function
Created by: Henry23
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