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U-2 Deuterstomes II
BIO
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What organism is the closest living relative to tetrapods? | Lungfishes |
| What is the main synapomorphy of tetrapods? | four limbs |
| During which era and period did tetrapods arise? | Devonian |
| The Tiktaalik was one of several transitional forms between what two lineages? | Lobed fin fishes and tetrapods |
| Why do amphibians need to live near bodies of water? | Eggs and skin are not resistant to dehydration |
| What are the extant amphibian lineages? | frogs, toads, salamanders |
| What is the main synapomorphy of amniotes, after which they derive their name? | Amniotic egg |
| Why was the evolution of the amniotic egg crucial for colonization of land? | Encloses the embryo in membranes to protect from dehydration. freed tetrapods from water |
| What two other critical innovations freed amniotes from water? | Dehydration resistant skin and water-conserving kidneys to minimize water loss from urination |
| What are the two sister lineages that arise from early amniotes? | Reptiles and synapsids |
| What are examples of extant reptiles? | birds, lizards, snakes, turtles, crocodiles and alligators |
| What reptile clade do birds belong to? | Dinosauria |
| During what era and period did dinosaurs arise? | Early triassic and dominated the mesozoic |
| During what era and period did birds arise? | Jurassic period, metazoic |
| What happened to non-avian dinosaurs? | Died off in the Cretaceous extinction |
| What are feathers made of and why is this interesting from an evolutionary stand point? | Feathers originally served for insulation but later co-opted for flight |
| During what era and period did mammals arise? | Arise in triassic and metazoic but don't dominate until the Cenozoic |
| What lineage of amniotes do mammals arise from? | synapsids |
| What are the two main synapsid synapomorphies? | Enlarged skull, specialized teeth, single opening in the skull behind each orbit |
| What are the two main mammalian synapomorphies? | Hair, mammary gland and milk |
| Do mammals also have synapsid synapomorphies? | Yes? |
| What is milk made up of? | fats + sugars + proteins + vitamins + antibodies |
| What is hair made out of? What structures in reptiles and in birds are made of this protein? | Keratin. Feathers and scales are also made up of this protein. |
| What event allowed mammals to flourish during the Cenozoic? | the cretaceous extinction |
| What are the three subclasses of mammals? | Monotremes, marsupials, placental mammals |
| What feature distinguishes all three? | placenta? |
| What is unique about how monotremes reproduce? | Lay eggs with yolk but no placenta |
| Examples of monotremes? | Platypus |
| Why are marsupials born so underdeveloped? What structure in marsupials protects the baby until it is fully developed? | Females have rudimentary, underdeveloped placenta and embryos rely on its own yolk for nutrients. The marsupium (protective pouch) protect the baby |
| Examples of marsupials? | Kangaroo, koala, wombat |
| What makes the eutherian placenta a true placenta? | It is connected to maternal blood supply |
| Examples of placental mammals? | Humans, wolves, most animals we think of |
Created by:
grind2027
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