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Mod 5A - Cell Energy
First Half Module 5 - Cellular Energy
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) | molecule whose bonds contain the chemical energy that the cell uses for active transport |
| Mechanical work | beating of cilia or flagella, movement of chromosomes, contractions of muscle cells |
| Transport work | active transport, pumps, endocytosis, and exocytosis |
| Chemical work | biosynthesis; making larger molecules from smaller ones |
| Active transport | movement of molecules through the plasma membrane aided by a process that requires energy input |
| Biosynthesis | the process by which living organisms produce larger molecules from smaller ones |
| Endocytosis | the process of moving particles into the cell by means of vesicles forming from the cell membrane |
| Exocytosis | the process of moving particles out of the cell by means of vesicle membranes fusing with the cell membrane |
| Phosphorylation | the transfer of energy when a phosphate group is moved between molecules |
| Pigment | an organic compound giving a specific color to plant or animal cells |
| Chlorophyll | a group of pigments found in algae, green plants, and cyanobacteria. It is necessary for photosynthesis, allowing for the absorption of energy from light |
| Stroma | gel-like fluid found inside the inner membrane of a chloroplast |
| Thylakoid | disk-shaped sac suspended in the stroma of chloroplasts. It is the site of the light reactions of photosynthesis |
| Grana | stacks of thylakoids |
| Photosystem | a cluster of chlorophyll and other molecules in a thylakoid membrane that absorbs light energy |
| Electron Transport Chain (ETC) | a series of electron-carrying molecules within a mem brane that transfer electrons and release energy at each transfer |
| Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) | molecule formed when the end phosphate group breaks off, and an adenosine attached to two phosphate groups is left over |
| Adenine | one of the 4 types of DNA's nucleotide nitrogenous base; can only bond to thymine; is a building block for adenosine |
| Ribose | bonds with adenine to form adenosine |
| Calvin Cycle | aka "Light Independent Reactions"; cycle of chemical reactions performed by plants to “fix” carbon from CO2 into three-carbon sugars |
Created by:
MelRodriguez
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