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organic compounds
lecture from 9/27--- Oranic compounds, biochem., organic chemicals.
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what is the study of the structure and function of organic compounds called? | organic chemistry |
| What is study of organic compounds and their role in living organisms called? | bio chemistry |
| what type of atom contains 4 valance electrons and allows for carbon to form 4 separate covalent bonds? | - Tetravalent atoms. |
| What do organic compounds vary by..? | - structure and function. |
| what are the 4 groups of organic compounds .. ? | - Carbohydrates, Lipids, Protein, Nucleic acids |
| what are the groups of atoms that are attached to a carbon skeleton or backbone and indicate specific types of organic compounds called? | Functional groups |
| which functional group connects in the middle or end of a carbon skeleton and can be found in all 4 groups of organic compounds, -OH ? | - (1) Hydroxyl Group |
| which functional group is found at the end of a carbon skeleton, and only in lipids, -CH3? | - (2) Methyl Group |
| Which functional group is only found in carbohydrates and has 2 sub groups, -C=O? | - (3) Carbonyl group |
| Which functional sub-group is only found in carbs. and can only be found in the middle of a carbon skeleton, -C=O? | - (3a) Ketone group |
| Which functional sub-group is only found in carbs, and can only be found at the end of a carbon skeleton, -COH? | - (3b) Aldehyde group |
| With functional group is only found in proteins, and can only be found at the end of a carbon skeleton, -COOH? | - (4) Carboxyl group |
| Which functional group is only found in proteins, and can only be found at the end of a carbon skeleton, -NH2? | - (5) Amino group |
| Which functional group is mostly found in nucleic acids, and is typically found at the end of a carbon skeleton, -PO4? | - (6) Phosphate group |
| Which functional group is only found in certain proteins, and can be found in the middle, or at the end of a carbon skeleton, -SH? | - (7) Sulfhydryl group |
| What are large organic compounds called? | - Macromolecules |
| What is a large organic compound built from smaller organic compounds called? | - a polymer |
| what are the the smaller “building block” molecules that make up a large organic compound called? | - monomers |
| Which chemical reaction process requires energy and allows for the building of all organic polymers from smaller organic monomers? | - Dehydration synthesis |
| carbohydrates always contain? | - Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen |
| Sugar, starch, celulos, ect. are examples of which organic compound? | -carbodydrates |
| Fats, oils, waxes, ect are examples of which organic compound? | - Lipids |
| Meat, collagen, insulin, enzymes, ect are examples of which organic compound? | - protein |
| DNA/RNA are examples of which organic compound? | - nucleic acids |
| Which saccharide molecule contains 3-8 carbons and is known as a simple sugar? | - Monosaccharide carbohydrates |
| Which saccharide molecule consists of two monosaccharides covalently bonded together, and is commonly known as maltos, sucrose, and lactose sugars? | - Disaccharide carbohydrate |
| what is the covalent bonds that holds disaccharides together called ? | - - Glycosidic linkage |
| which polysaccharide consists of many glucose molecules covalently bonded together by glycosidic linkages, examples include starch? | - Storage polysaccharide |
| What is a complex carbohydrate that can be used to store energy and can make up the structural components of the cell? | - polysaccharide |
| What do you call polysaccharides that consist of chains of glucose molecules covalently bonded together through glycosidic linkage? | - structural polysaccharide |
| Which sugar contains ketone functional groups? | -Ketose sugars |
| which sugar that contains aldehyde functional groups? | -Aldose sugars |
| What do you call a hexose sugar found within fruits? | - fructose |
| What do you call hexose sugar that is used by all organisms to produce energy, and produced by auto troughs? | - Glucose |
| Which organic compound is hydrophobic and nonpolar? | - lipids |
| What linkage connects glycerol molecules to fatty acid chains? | - ester linkages |
| Lipids have what functional groups? | - Hydroxyl and methyl groups |
| Carbohydrates contain which functional groups? | - hydroxyl, carbonyl (ketone or aldehyde) |
| what are fats and oils, Phospholipids, Waxes, and Sterols? | - types of lipids |
| Which type of lipid is solid at room temperature and is used by animals for energy storage and insulation? | - fats |
| Which type of lipid is liquid at room temp and is produced by plants | - oil |
| Which type of lipid consists of one glycerol, a phosphate functional group, and two fatty acid chains, as well as comprises the cell membranes of all cells? | - phospholipid |
| Which type of lipid consists of numerous glycerol molecules in 1 fatty acid chain, and coats the stems/ leaves of plants as well as coats/ feathers of animals? | - waxes |
| Which type of lipid are not composed of glycerol and fatty acid chains, and is hydrophobic and insoluble? | - sterols |
| Why do plants I have waxy roots, stems, and leaves? | - Prevents water loss, reflects the sun |
| Why do animals coat their fur and feathers in wax? | - Acts as a water proofing agent |
| Sex, hormones, anabolic, steroids, testosterone, and estrogen, examples of what kind of lipids? | - sterols |
| What are rope-like chains of glucose that comprise the cell walls of plants and algae called? | - cellulose |
| What are branched chains of glucose, often used to store glucose in animals called? | - glycogen |
| What is a pentose sugar that is involved in photosynthesis called? | - ribulose |
| Which chemical reaction requires water for the breakdown of large organic polymers into smaller organic monomers? | - Hydrolysis |
| What are monomers of proteins? | amino acids |
| What type of covalent bond connects amino acids? | peptide bond |
| Proteins contain which functional groups? | Hydroxyl and sulfhydryl |
| What is built through dehydration synthesis by linking amino acids with peptide bonds? | proteins |
Created by:
emmamas
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